1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Genesis of ‘quarantine’
1.2 Major responsibilities of plant quarantine
1.3 Back ground of Plant Quarantine Order, 2003
1.4 History of plant quarantine regulations
1.5 Origin of International PQ Agreements
1.6 Plant Quarantine Order, 2003
1.7 Plant quarantine structure, set up and policy in India
1.8 International agencies involved in plant quarantine
1.8.1 European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO)
1.8. 2 Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission ( APPPC)
1.8.3 . North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO)
1.8. 4 Pacific Plant Protection Organization (PPPO)
1.8. 5. Near East Plant Protection Organization (NEPPO)
1.8. 6. International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)
1.8. 7. Regional Plant Protection Organization (RPPO)
1.9 National agencies involved in Plant Quarantine
1.9.1 Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage (DPP)
1.9. 2 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR)
1.9.3 Crop Specific Research Institutes of Indian Council of Agricultural Research
1.9.4 Online plant quarantine services in India
1.9.5 Problems with the Quarantine System in India
1.9.6 Some common terminologies used in Plant Quarantine
1.9.7 Some common terminologies used in Phytosanitary Regulation
1.9.8 Acronyms
1.9.9 Quarantine procedures
1.10.1 Establishing quarantine facilities
1.10.2 Plant pathology quarantine laboratory
1.10.3 Laboratory equipments
2.HISTORY OF PLANT QUARANTINE
2.1 Origin of the concept of Quarantine
2.2 Origin of International Plant Quarantine Agreements
2.3 International Cooperation – Finding solutions through mutual interests
2.4 History of plant quarantine in India
2.5 Gaps in border controls are related to quarantine alien insect invasions
2.6 Exotic plant quarantine pests and procedures for the introduction of plant materials
2.7 Different classes of quarantine
2.8 EPPO alert list of pests
2.8.1 Insects and mites
2.8.2 Exclusive insects
2.8.3 Fungi and fungus-like
2.8.4 Bacteria and phytoplasma
2.8.5 Viruses and viroids
2.8.6 Nematodes
2.8.7 Weeds and invasive plants
3.DOMESTIC PLANT QUARANTINE
3.1 Objectives
3.2 Surveillance techniques to detect quarantine pests
3.3 Perspectives
3.4 Case study: Late blight of potato
3.5 Definitions & Terms
3.6 Review of domestic quarantine regulations
3.7 Technical issues
3.8 Developments in phytosanitary regulation in India
3.9 Mobile application for plant quarantine regulations to import in India
3.10 Public awareness and cooperation in plant quarantine
4.PLANT QUARANTINE ACT
4.1 Laws and Acts
4.2 The Destructive Insects And Pests (Amendment And Validation) Act, 1992 No.12 OF 1992 [31ST March, 1992.]
4.3 The Destructive Insects And Pests Act, 1914 : Act No. II OF 1914
4.4 Plant Quarantine Act 1997 - In Brief
4.5 Plant quarantine organization chart (In descending order)
4.6 National Plant Quarantine System for Plant Genetic Resources (PGR)
4.7 Obtaining ‘No Objection’ certificate from plant quarantine department
4.8 Importing plants into India: Processes and challenges
5. PRE-ENTRY AND POST ENTRY QUARANTINE
5.1 Import permit
5.2 Notified points of entry
5.3 Indian framework
5.4 National plant quarantine set-up
5.5 Issues in International exchange of plant germplasm
5.6 Articles
5.7 Plant Quarantine Produce Inspection
5.8 Pest detection & Identification
5.9 Sample Submission Form
5.10 Imports and exports inspection: Agricultural produce exporting requirements
5.11 Post-Entry Quarantine (PEQ)
5.12 Criteria for approval and certification of PEQ facilities
5.13 Quarantine inspection/ Release of plants/plant material & Regulated articles at the Port
5.14 Notification of non-compliance & emergency action
5.15 Export inspection & certification
5.16 Import
5.17 Recommendations to prevent the entrance of quarantine plant diseases of major economic importance for banana and pineapple
6. SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
6.1 Implementation of SPS measures in India
6.2 Phytosanitary Certificate
6.3 History of WTO-SPS
6.4 SPS as a trade barrier
6.5 Situation in India
6.6 Obtaining a Phytosanitary Certificate for export shipments
6.7 Considerations for importing
6.8 Phytosanitary certificates
6.9 National Standards and Accredited Agencies
6.10 Phytosanitary Capacity Evaluation (PCE)
6.11 Phytosanitary Certificate Issuance and Tracking System (PCIT)
6.12 Strategic goals
6.13 National Standards and Accredited Agencies
6.14 Plant quarantine organizations in India
6.15 Quarantine philosophy and practice
6.16 Quarantines, phytosanitary measures and plant health
6.17 Modern laws – Risk analysis becomes a legal obligation
6.18 Pesticide Legislation in India
6.19 Terms used in phytosanitary measures
7. PLANT PESTS AND QUARANTINE
7.1 Significance
7.2 Important pathogens and pests intercepted on introduced seeds/planting materials at NBPGR
7.3 International and national level quarantine diseases
7.4 History of insect quarantine
7.5 Some looming insect pest threats to India in near future
7.6 Agencies involved in plant quarantine in India
7.7 Provisional quarantine pest / disease list:
7.8 Incidence of some insects / diseases on crops
7.9 Regulated pests of Non-Quarantine Significance
7.10 Important milestones in Quarantine
7.11 Germplasm handling at NBPGR
7.12 Invasion of insect pests
7.13 Inspection procedures followed in quarantine station
7.14 Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms in India
7.15 Methodology for detection and identification of diseases
7.16 Regulation of genome engineering technologies in India
7.17 Invasive Alien Species in India and Related Policy Initiatives
7.18 Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage (PPQS)
7.19 Locust swarm in India
7.20 Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in India
8.NURSERY INSPECTION AND PLANT QUARANTINE
8.1 Nursery inspection programs
8.2 Nursery stock registration and certification programs
8.3 Nursery license / Registration / Certification Information
8.4 Inspection procedures
8.5 Import and Schedules
8.6 Certification protocols
9. QUARANTINE PESTS AND DETECTION
9.1 Quarantine pest
9.2 Plant pathogens intercepted in Imported Commodities
9.3 Regulated Non‐quarantine Pests (RNQPs)
9.4 Regulated pest
9.5 Prohibited materials
9.6 Restricted materials
9.7 Import Permit
9.8 Quarantine Pest Detection
9.9 Detection procedures
9.10 New detection technologies
9.11 Detection of insect pests in quarantine
9.12 Internet-based bioinformatics toolkit:
9.13 Next generation sequencing as the new standard for quarantine testing
9.14 Pest surveillance for detecting quarantine pests
9.14.1 Multimedia expert system of plant quarantine pests identification (PQ- Pick Bugs)
9.15 Services rendered by pathology division
9.16 Biosecurity implications
10. STRENGTHENING & MODERNISATION OF PLANT QUARANTINE FACILITIES (SMPQF) IN INDIA
10.1 Objectives and strategies
10.2 Present Setup
10.3 Dispute settlement and jurisprudence
10.4 Plant quarantine structure and policy in India
10.5 New plant quarantine regulation /Order
10.6 Enhancement of plant quarantine facilities and activates
10.7 Monitoring of pesticide residues at National level
10.8 Import and export policies
10.9 Plant protection station and India’s quarantine system
10.10 Raising public awareness of quarantine and emerging pests
10.11 Current trends in Quarantine Entomology
10.12 Regulatory Entomology
10.13 Forest pest basics
10.14 Biosurveillance
11.NEMATODES OF QUARANTINE IMPORTANCE
11.1 Nematodes of quarantine importance specific to crop and country
11.2 Nematodes of quarantine significance across the Globe
11.2.1. Near East countries:
11.2.2 United States
11.2.3 Australia
11.2.4 Taiwan
11.2.5 Belgium and the Netherlands
11.2.6 Netherlands
11.2.7 South Africa
11.2.8 China
11.2.9 Japan
11.2.10 United Kingdom
11.2.11 Indonesia
11.2.12 Poland
11.2.13 Canada
11.2.14 USSR
11.2.15 India
11.3 Legislation against phytonematodes
11.4 Challenges for laboratories involved in phytonematode diagnostics
11.5 Nematodes under Quarantine Act
11.6 Procedure for quarantine inspection for nematodes
11.7 Avoidance of infiltration of nematodes / restrict the spread
12.PEST RISK ANALYSIS
12.1 PRA tool
12.2 The role of Pest Risk Analysis
12.3 PRA and International Plant Protection Convention
12.4 DEFRA's (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) approach to Pest Risk Analysis
12.5 Action plan for PRA
12.6 Policy for the control of Invasive Alien Species in India and related policy initiatives
12.7 Pest Risk Analysis in plant quarantine
12.7.1 Stages in PRA
12.7.2 Stage 2: Pest Risk Assessment
12.7.3 Stage 3: Pest risk management
12.8 Aspects common to all PRA stages
12.9 Development of a PRA for Phytophthora ramorum for the European Union
12.10 ‘Measures’
12.11 Commodity PRA
12.12 Options of international standards PRA
12.13 Overall PRA strategy
12.14 PRA- Case studies
12.14.1 Fungal plant pathogens
12.14.2 Bacterial plant pathogens
12.14.3 Viral diseases
12.14. 4 Phytonematodes
12.15 Weed Risk Assessment
12.15.1 Conceptual phases in the invasion of a weed
12.15.2 Limitations of Weed-Risk Assessment
12.15.3 Indian Weed Risk Assessment system
12.15.4 The Australian Weed Risk Assessment system
12.16 Insect Risk Assessment -Case studies
12.16.1. Bark and wood borers
12.16.2 Helicoverpa armigera
12.16.3 Wheat Stem Sawfly
12.16.4 Cereal aphids
12.16.5 Entomophagous arthropods
12.17 Risk management considerations- International standards for phytosanitary measures
12.18 Risk management decision and option
12.19 Pest Risk Analysis request form
12.20 Options preventing or reducing infestation in the crop bibliography
