| Microbial Physiology 2nd Ed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Blurb
The present second edition of Microbial Physiology is an
improved and enlarged version of the first edition. It provides a detailed
account of all aspects of physiology of microorganisms in an ordered sequence
with profuse illustrations. Presentation of all chapters is based on the
principles of bioenergetics which forms the life line for all metabolic
functions. In this edition, new chapters on enzymes, metabolism of amino acids,
lipids and nucleic acids; and microbial toxins, antimicrobial agents and signal
transduction system are included. Thus, it provides a strong foundation and
general framework for understanding the subject. This book not only serves as
the text book for undergraduate, post-graduate students, but also as a
reference book to teachers, researchers and all others interested in the
metabolism of the microorganisms. |
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| Table of Contents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Preface (2nd Ed.) Preface 1. Cell Structure and
Function 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes 1.3. Prokaryotic Cell Structure 1.4. Further Reading 2. Cell Wall and its
Biosynthesis 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Types of Cell Walls 2.3. Peptidoglycan 2.4. Gram-Positive Cell Wall 2.5. Gram-Negative Cell Wall 2.6. Archaeal Cell Wall 2.7. Protoplasts and Spheroplasts 2.8. Synthesis of Gram-Positive Wall 2.9. Synthesis of Gram-Negative Cell Wall 2.10. Exopolysaccharides 2.11. Further Reading 3. Cell Metabolism — An
Overview 3.1. Metabolism 3.2. Role of Central Metabolic Pathways in Metabolism 4. Principles of
Bioenergetics 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Laws of Thermodynamics 4.3. Coupled Reactions 4.4. Transport of Energy: The Role of ATP and other Energy Rich Molecules 4.5. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 4.6. Transduction of Energy 4.7. Chemiosmotic Theory 4.8. ATP Synthesis 4.9. Mechanism of ATP Synthesis 4.10. Bioenergetics in Cytosol 4.1 1. Energy Rich Compounds 4.12. ATP and Cell Yields 4.13. Further Reading 5. Enzymes, Coenzymes
and Cofactors 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Distribution 5.3. Chemistry 5.4. Types of Enzymes 5.5. Nomer1clature 5.6. Classification 5.7. Mechanism of Action 5.8. Properties of Enzymes 5.9. Factors Affecting Enzyme Functions 5.10. Further Reading 6. Microbial
Nutrition 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Composition of Microbial Cell 6.3. Classification of Nutrients 6.4. Culture Media 6.5. Nutritional Classification of Microorganisms 6.6. Uptake and Transport of Nutrients 6.7. Transport of Iron 6.8. Efflux of Substances 6.9. Further Reading 7. Microbial Growth 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Definition 7.3. Growth Curve 7.4. Growth Kinetics 7.5. Synchronous Growth 7.6. Diauxic Growth 7.7. Growth Yields 7.8. Energetics of Growth 7.9. The Continuous Culture 7.10. Balanced and Unbalanced Growth 7.11. Measurement of Microbial Growth 7.12. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Growth 7.13. Microbial Growth in Natural Environment 7.14. Further Reading 8. Homeostasis and
Survival 8.1. Definition 8.2. Maintenance of Constancy of pH 8.3. Maintenance of Constancy of Osmolarity 8.4. The Heat Shock Response 8.5. Starvation and Survival 8.6. Further Reading 9. Phototrophy 9.1. Phototrophy 9.2. Photosynthesis 9.3. Diversity of Phototrophs 9.4. Photosynthetic Pigments 9.5. Physiology of Photosynthesis 9.6. Bacteriorhodopsin and Light Mediated ATP Synthesis 9.7. Halorhodopsin, A Light-Driven Chloride Pump 9.8. Further Reading 10.
Chemolithoautotrophy 10.1. Definition 10.2. Energetics of Chemolithotrophy 10.3. Nitrification - Nitrifiers 10.4. Sulphur Oxidisers 10.5. Iron Bacteria 10.6. Hydrogen Bacteria 10.7. Carboxidobacteria 10.8. Further Reading 11. Chemoheterotrophy
- Acetogens 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Distribution and Taxonomy 11.3. CO2 Metabolism and Acetogenesis 11.4. Further Reading 12. Chemoheterotrophy
- Methanogens 12.1. Introduction 12.2. General Characteristics 12.3. Habitat 12.4. Diversity and Phylogeny 12.5. Physiology 12.6. Economic Importance 12.7. Further Reading 13. Chemoheterotrophy
- Methylotrophs 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Taxonomy and Systematic Position 13.3. Physiology 13.4. Applications of Methylotrophs 13.5. Further Reading 14. Chemoheterotrophy
- Hydrocarbon utilizers 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Oxygenases 14.3. Metabolism of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 14.4. Metabolism of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 14.5. Hydrocarbon Utilizers and Bioremediation 14.6. Hydrocarbon Utilizers and Oil Exploration 14.7. Further Reading 15. Assimilation of
Complex Carbohydrates and Proteins 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Cellulose 15.3. Hemicellulose 15.4. Starch 15.5. Pectin 15.6. Chitin 15.7. Proteins 15.8. Further Reading 16. Aerobic
Respiration 16.1. Introduction 16.2. Aerobic Respiration 16.3. Glycolysis 16.4. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle 16.5. Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation 16.6. The Yield of ATP 16.7. Catabolism of Unusual Carbohydrates 16.8. Catabolism of Organic Acids 16.9. Catabolism of Organic Substrates other than Carbohydrates 16.10. Further Reading 17. Anaerobic
Respiration 17.1. Definition 17.2. Diversity of Microorganisms 17.3. Electron Transport Chain 17.4. Electron Acceptors and Energy Conservation 17.5. Dissimilatory and Assimilatory Reductions 17.6. Diversity of Respiratory Pathways 17.7. Further Reading 18. Fermentaion 18.1. Introduction 18.2. Definition 18.3. Physiological Significance of Fermentation 18.4. Types of Fermentations 18.5. Pyruvate, a Key Compound in Fermentations 18.6. Fermentation versus Oxygen 18.7. Alcohol Fermentation 18.8. Lactic Acid Fermentation 18.9. Propionate Fermentation 18.10. Mixed Acid Fermentation 18.11. The Butanediol Fermentation 18.12. Butyrate-Butanol Fermentations 18.13. The Ethanol-Acetate Fermentation 18.14. Fermentation of Amino Acids 18.15. Fermentation Balances 18.16. Ruminococcus Albus: A Model for lnterspecies Hydrogen Transfer : Syntrophy 18.17.Anaerobic Food Chain 18.18. Further Reading 19. Nitrogen
Metabolism – Biological Nitrogen Fixation 19.1. Introduction 19.2. Distribution and Properties of Nitrogen and its Compounds 19.3. Nitrogen Cycle 19.4. Nitrogen Fixation 19.5. Nitrogen Fixing Microorganisms 19.6. Outlines of Nitrogen Fixation 19.7. Requirements of Nitrogen Fixation 19.8. Mechanism of Nitrogen Fixation 19.9. Further Reading 20. Amino Acid
Metabolism 20.1. Introduction 20.2. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids 20.3. Catabolism of Amino Acids 20.4. Further Reading 21. Nucleotide
Metabolism 21.1. Introduction 21.2. Overview of Nucleotide Biosynthesis 21.3. De Novo Synthesis of Nucleotides 21.4. Salvage Pathway for Synthesis of Nucleotides 21.5. Degradation of Nucleotides 21.6. Further Reading 22. Lipid Metabolism 22.1. Introduction 22.2. Fatty Acids 22.3. Phospholipids and Phosphoglycerides 22.4. Catabolism of Fatty Acids 22.5. Fatty Acids Synthesis vs Degradation 22.6. Further Reading 23. Secondary
Metabolism 23.1. Introduction 23.2. The Concept of Primary and Secondary Metabolites 23.3. Characters of Secondary Metabolites 23.4. The Significance of Secondary Metabolism 23.5. Biosynthetic Pathways of Secondary Metabolism 23.6. Some Important Microbial Secondary Metabolites 23.7. Further Reading 24. Microbial Toxins 24.1. Introduction A. BACTERIAL TOXINS 24.2. Endotoxins 24.3. Exotoxins B. BACTERIOCINS 24.4. Bacteriocins vs Antibiotics 24.5. Bacteriocins Produced by Gram-Negative Bacteria 24.6. Bacteriocins of Gram-Positive Bacteria 24.7. Immunity and Resistance of Bacteriocin Producing Cells 24.8. Ecological Role of Bacteriocins 24.9. Applications of Bacteriocins C. MYCOTOXINS 24.10. Mycotoxins Producing Moulds 24.11. Chemistry of Mycotoxins 24.12. Classification of Mycotoxins 24.13. Mode of Action of Mycotoxins 24.14. Biological Effects D. PHYCOTOXINS 24.15. Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) and Phycotoxins 24.16. Classification and Chemical Nature of Phycotoxins 24.17. Phycotoxin Producing Organisms 24.18. Ecological Advantages of Phycotoxins to Producer Organisms 24.19. Mode of Action and Phycotoxins Health Affects 24.20. Prevention and Management of Phycotoxin Poisoning 24.21. Further Reading 25. Antimicrobials - Mode of Action and Resistance 25.1. Introduction 25.2. Terminology 25.3. Mechanisms of Action of Antimicrobial Agents 25.4. Antifungal Agents 25.5. Further Reading 26. Signal
Transduction - Quorum Sensing A. SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 26.1. Two Component Signaling System 26.2. One-Component Signal Transduction System B. QUORUM SENSING 26.3. Auto Inducers or Signal Molecules 26.4. Quorum Sensing in Gram-Negative Bacteria 26.5. Quorum Sensing in Gram-Positive Bacteria 26.6. Competitive Quorum Sensing: Bacillus subtilis Model 26.7. Quorum Quenching 26.8. Practical Applications of Knowledge of Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching 26.9. Further Reading 27. Endospore
Formation 27.1. Introduction 27.2. Endospore Structure 27.3. Endospore Formation 27.4. Endospore Germination 27.5. Further Reading Glossary
Subject Index |
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