PART 1: OVERVIEW OF AGROFORESTRY
Chapter 1 Introduction to Agroforestry – Antony Joseph Raj
Introduction - Paradigm Shifts in Agricultural Development - What is Agroforestry? - Why Agroforestry? - History of Agroforestry - Definitions of Agroforestry - Components of Agroforestry - Scope of Agroforestry - Concepts of Agroforestry - Benefits of Agroforestry - Limitations of Agroforestry - Agroforestry Terminologies
Chapter 2 Agroforestry and Food Security – A. Venkatesh, K.P. Mohapatra, A. Arunachalam, D.J. Rajkhowa, S. Bharali & S.V. Ngachan
Introduction - Global Demography - Global Food Production - Asian Agriculture - Indian Agricultural Scenario - Myriad of Agroforestry System - Agroforestry in India - Potential of Agroforestry - Agroforestry Vis-a-Vis Food Security - Productivity of Agroforestry Systems - Breaking Poverty and Food Insecurity Cycle - Caveats and Clarifications - Conclusion
Chapter 3 Agroforestry and Ecosystem Services – Ramakrishna Hegde
Introduction - Agroforestry for Microclimate Modification - Agroforestry for Soil Enrichment - Agroforestry for Soil Stabilization and Erosion Control - Agroforestry for Flood Mitigation - Agroforestry for Water Yield and Quality - Agroforestry and Pest Control - Agroforestry for Pollination Improvement - Agroforestry for Carbon Sequestration and Air Quality - Agroforestry for Climate Change Mitigation - Agroforestry for Biodiversity Conservation - Agroforestry for Aesthetics and Cultural Services
Chapter 4 Agroforestry Systems Classification – S.J. Patil & Maheswarappa. V
Introduction - Classification of Agroforestry Systems - Structural Classification of Agroforestry Systems - Classification based on Nature of Components - Agrisilvicultural Systems - Silvopastoral Systems - Agrosilvopastoral Systems - Other Systems - Classification based on Arrangement of Components - Functional Classification of Agroforestry Systems - Classification based on Ecological Grouping - Classification based on Socio-Economic Conditions - Physiognomic Classification of Agroforestry - Other Ways of Agroforestry Systems Classification
PART 2: AGROFORESTRY TREES
Chapter 5 Multipurpose Trees in Agroforestry – Mengisteab Hailu & Antony Joseph Raj
Introduction - What is a Multipurpose Tree? - Why Grow Multipurpose Trees? - Objectives of Planting Multipurpose Trees - What are the Best Multipurpose Trees for Agroforestry? - Selection Criteria for Multipurpose Trees - Methods for Multipurpose Trees Screening and Evaluation - Greater Role of Multipurpose Agroforestry Tree Species - ICRAF’s Multipurpose Tree and Shrub (MPTS) Database - ICRAF’s Agroforestree (AFT) Database - Important Multipurpose Trees for Tropics
Chapter 6 Nitrogen Fixing Trees in Agroforestry – S.L. Madivalar & Antony Joseph Raj
Introduction - Overview of Biological Nitrogen Fixation - Nitrogen Fixing Trees - Fertilizer Trees - Selection of Nitrogen Fixing Trees for Agroforestry - Uses and Planting of Nitrogen Fixing Trees in Agroforestry - Nitrogen Inputs and Outputs in Agroforestry - Nitrogen Fixing Trees for Agroforestry Practices
Chapter 7 Genetic Improvement of Industrial and Non-Industrial Agroforestry Trees – S. Umesh Kanna, K.T. Parthiban, S. Vennila & P. Durairasu
Introduction - Status of Tree Improvement: A Global Perspective - Genetic Improvement of Industrial Species - Genetic Improvement of Non-Industrial Species - Biotechnology and Its Applications in Tree Improvement - Micropropagation - Somaclonal Variation - Somatic Embryogenesis/Synthetic Seeds - In Vitro Selection - Protoplast Fusion - Haploid Cultures - Shoot-Tip/ Meristem Culture - Gametophyte Cultures - In Vitro Embryo Rescue - In Vitro Control of Maturation State - Cryopreservation and In Vitro Storage - Molecular Markers - Quantitative Trait Loci - Genetic Engineering - Conclusion
Chapter 8 Domestication and Commercialization of Indigenous Trees in Agroforestry – Antony Joseph Raj
Introduction - What is Domestication? - Plant Species Domestication - History of Tree Domestication - Global Initiatives for Agroforestry Tree Domestication - Tree Domestication in Agroforestry - Stages of Agroforestry Tree Domestication - Principles of Agroforestry Tree Domestication - Tree Domestication and Vegetative Propagation - Domestication of Trees for Wood and Non Wood Forest Products - Participatory Approach in Agroforestry Tree Domestication - ICRAF’s Global Research Project-1 (GRP 1): Domestication, Utilization and Conservation of Superior Agroforestry Germplasm
Chapter 9 Traditionally Important Trees in Indigenous Agroforestry Systems – Harsh Mehta, Sanjeev Chauhan, Pankaj Panwar & O.P. Chaturvedi
Introduction - Role of Agroforestry Trees in Rural Livelihood - Trees in Agroecosystems - Important Trees of Indigenous Agroforestry Systems/Practices in India - Himalayan Region - Indo-Gangetic Plains - Arid and Semi-Arid Region - Humid and Sub-Humid Region - Coastal and Island Region - Description of Important Traditional Tree Species of Indigenous Agroforestry
PART 3: AGROFORESTRY MANAGEMENT
Chapter 10 Tree Architecture and Tree Management in Agroforestry – Maheswarappa. V, Ramakrishna Hegde, Ashok B Divatar & B.G. Nayak
Introduction - Tree Structure and Growth - Tree Crown Architecture - Tree Root Architecture - Above and Below Ground Competition in Agroforestry - Silvicultural Options for Minimizing the Negative Interactions - Pruning - Pollarding - Thinning - Coppicing
Chapter 11 Crop Planning and Management in Agroforestry – D.R. Palsaniya, Sunil Tiwari & Mukesh Chaudhary
Crop Cultivation in Agroforestry - Crop Planning and Management in Agroforestry - Selection of Suitable Crops for Agroforestry - Introduction of Leguminous Intercrops in Agroforestry - Nutrient Management - Water Management - Shade Management - Weed Management - Disease Management - Insect-Pest Management
Chapter 12 Disease Management in Tropical Agroforestry Landscapes – A. Sudha
Plant and Tree Diseases - Scope and Scale of Pathogens and their Impacts - Symptoms of Plant/Tree Diseases - General Methods for Plant Disease Control - Seed Diseases - Nursery Diseases - Foliar Diseases - Root Diseases - Heart Rots - Disease Management in Agroforestry Trees (Neem, Albizia, Gmelina, Pongamia, Teak, Shisham, Casuarina, Ailanthus, Jackfruit, Eucalyptus) - Disease Management of Crops under Agroforestry (Rice, Sorghum, Maize, Wheat, Pearl Millet, Red Gram, Green Gram)
Chapter 13 Insect Pest Management in Tropical Agroforestry Systems – C.T. Ashok Kumar, S.C. Topagi & Veereshkumar
Introduction - Factors Contributing to Insect Pest Problems in Agroforestry - Pest Control, Pest Management and Integrated Pest Management - Overview of Pest Management Options - Natural Forest Pest Control - Artificial or Applied Control of Tree Pests - Silvicultural Control - Mechanical and Physical Control - Semiochemicals (Behaviour Inducing Chemicals) - Biological Control - Microbial Control - Chemical Control - Constraints to Forest Pest Management in the Tropics - Need for Further Research
PART 4: AGROFORESTRY CONCEPTS
Chapter 14 Tree Crop Interactions in Agroforestry – M.P. Divya, V. Priyanka & B. Vinothini
Introduction - Kinds of Tree-Crop Interactions - Positive Interactions - Increased Production and Productivity - Soil Improvement - Nutrient Cycling - Microclimate Amelioration - Negative Interactions - Competition - Allelopathy - Microclimatic Modifications for Pest and Diseases - Interaction Management - Manipulation of Densities and Arrangement of Trees - Manipulation of Tree Crowns and Roots - Choice of Agricultural Crops
Chapter 15 Diagnosis and Design in Agroforestry – M.N. Ramesha & N. Gurunathan
Introduction - Diagnosis and Design (D&D) - Agroforestry Systems Research Process - Basic Procedure of D&D - Key Features of D&D - Variable Scale D&D Procedures - New Farming Concepts and Application of D&D Tool - Conclusion
Chapter 16 Economic Analysis of Agroforestry Systems – Amol Vasishth & Vipan Guleria
Introduction - Agroforestry Investment Valuation - Key Factors in Economic Analysis of Agroforestry - Economics of Agrisilviculture Systems - Economics of Silvipasture Systems - Economics of Agrihorticulture Systems - Two Tier Cropping Systems based on Poplar Plantation - Conclusion
Chapter 17 Markets and Marketing of Agroforestry Products – S. Varadha Raj, M. Chinnadurai, M.P. Divya & N. Narmadha
Introduction - Timber Markets - Major Markets for Forest, Farm and Agroforestry Products - Wood based Products Trade in India- Wood Production in Agroforestry and Its Sale and Marketing - Industrial Raw Material Based Agroforestry Products Markets and Marketing - Conclusion
PART 5: IMPORTANT AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
Chapter 18 Alternatives to Shifting Cultivation – K. Sasikumar
What is Shifting Cultivation? - Overview of Shifting Cultivation - Soil Dynamics in Shifting Cultivation - Positive and Negative Aspects of Shifting Cultivation - Controlling Shifting Cultivation: Strategies and Initiatives - Improvements and/or Alternatives to Shifting Cultivation - Successful Experiments for Potential Management of Shifting Cultivation - Technological Guidelines for Improvement of Shifting Cultivation
Chapter 19 Taungya Systems – N. Satheesh, T. Mohan Raj & S. Kala
What is Taungya System? - Types of Taungya Systems - Taungya System in some Tropical Countries - Taungya System in India - Management of Taungya System - Taungya Plantations Establishment and Biodiversity Conservation - Advantages and Disadvantages of Taungya System - Improvements to Taungya System
Chapter 20 Alley Cropping System – R. Kaushal, Raj Kumar, J.M.S. Tomar & O.P. Chaturvedi
Introduction - What is Alley Cropping? - Alley Cropping: History and Mixed Response - Establishment of Alley Cropping System - Management of Alley Cropping System - Benefits of Alley Cropping - Drawbacks of Alley Cropping
Chapter 21 Tropical Homegardens – T.K. Kunhamu
What is Homegarden? - Distribution of Homegardens - Tree-Crop Diversity in Homegardens - Structural Attributes of Homegarden - Functional Attributes of Homegarden - Ecosystem Services of Homegarden - Management Characteristics of Homegarden - Shifting Trends in Homegardening - Conclusion
PART 6: DISTRIBUTION OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
Chapter 22 Agroforestry Systems of World – Etefa Guyassa, Samuale Tesfaye & Antony Joseph Raj
Overview of Global Agroforestry - Agroforestry Systems in Africa - Agroforestry Systems in Asia - Agroforestry Systems in Pacific Islands - Agroforestry Systems in Latin American Tropics - Temperate Agroforestry Systems in North America - Temperate Agroforestry Systems in Europe - Agroforestry Systems in Australia and New Zealand
Chapter 23 Agroforestry Systems of India – S. Kala, T. Mohan Raj, K.R. Dhixya Deve & S. Reeja
Introduction - History of Agroforestry Practices in India - Traditional Agroforestry Systems in India - Agroforestry Systems in different Agro-Ecological Zones of India - Agro-Climatic Zones of India - Improved Agroforestry Systems in Agro-Climatic Zones of India - Recent Scenario of Agroforestry Development in India
Chapter 24 Agroforestry Systems of Himalayan Region – Meenakshi Gupta, L.M. Gupta, Punit Choudhary, K.K. Sood & Amol Vasishth
Introduction - Agroforestry: A Sustainable Land Use in Himalayan Region - Composition of Traditional Agroforestry Crops and Trees in Himalayan Region - Traditional Agroforestry Combinations in Himalayan Region - Agroforestry for Livelihood Security and Sustainable Development in Himalayan Region - Important Agroforestry Practices of Himalayan Region - Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Himalayan Agroforestry Systems - Conclusion
Chapter 25 Urban Agroforestry Systems –P.J. Mishra, Smitha G Nair & B.B. Behra
Introduction - Urbanization - Urban Green Development and Urban Forestry - Urban Agriculture - Urban Agroforestry - Benefits of Urban Agroforestry - Urban Homegardens/ Dooryard Urban Agroforestry - Urban Agroforestry Systems on Undeveloped and Underutilized Lands - Problems of Practicing Urban Agroforestry Systems
PART 7: AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES FOR EXTREME SITE CONDITIONS
Chapter 26 Agroforestry Practices for Arid and Semi-Arid Regions – P. Ratha Krishnan, J.C. Tewari, Suresh Kumar & M.M. Roy
Introduction - Major Cropping System and Tree Choice for Arid and Semi-Arid Zone Farmers - Importance of Major Agroforestry Practices in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions - Agroforestry Practices in Hot Arid Regions - Agroforestry Practices in Cold Arid Regions - Agroforestry Practices in Semi-Arid Regions - Agroforestry Policy Research Priorities for Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
Chapter 27 Agroforestry Practices for Salt Affected Lands (Biosaline Agroforestry) – Munish Kumar, S.K. Uttam & Antony Joseph Raj
Introduction - Distribution of Salt Affected Lands - Classification of Salt Affected Soils - Reclamation of Salt Affected Lands - Biosaline Agroforestry - Salt Tolerant Crops, Trees and Grasses for Biosaline Agroforestry - Agroforestry Practices in Salt Affected Lands
Chapter 28 Agroforestry Practices for Wetlands and Waterlogged Areas – S. Kala & T. Mohan Raj
What are Wetlands? - Classification of Wetlands - Distribution of Wetlands in India - Wetland Rehabilitation Measures - Selection of Suitable Trees and Crops for Wetland Agroforestry - Major Agroforestry Practices for Wetlands - Other Agroforestry Options for Wetlands - Benefits of Wetland Agroforestry Practices - Waterlogged Lands - Adverse Effects of Waterlogging - Causes of Waterlogging - Anti-Waterlogging Measures - Afforestation Techniques and Agroforestry Practices for Waterlogged Areas - Development of Bio-Drainage System through Agroforestry - Sustainable Integrated Farming System for Waterlogged Areas - Other Biomass Production Technology for Seasonal Deep Waterlogged Areas
PART 8: AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 29 Agroforestry Practices for Non-Wood Forest Products and Rural Development – Manmohan J.R. Dobriyal
Introduction - Greater Role of Agroforestry - Non-Wood Forest Products from Agroforestry - Domestication of Non-Wood Forest Products in Agroforestry - NWFPs Yielding Plants for Potential Agroforestry Use - Flavours and Fragrances (Essential Oils) - Gums, Resins and Latex - Tree Borne Oil Seeds (TBOs) - Fibres and Flosses - Dyes/Colourants - Tannins - Medicinal Plants - Edible Plant Products - Canes/Rattan - Palms - NWFPs based Agroforestry - Constraints for Development of NWFPs - Development of NWFPs through Agroforestry - Conclusion
Chapter 30 Bamboo based Agroforestry Systems – M.S. Malik & Antony Joseph Raj
Introduction - Bamboo Morphology and Growth - Bamboo Occurrence and Flowering - Bamboo Resources of India - Bamboo Propagation - Development of Bamboo based Agroforestry Systems - Utility of Bamboo Plantation - International Network for Bamboo and Rattan - National Bamboo Mission
Chapter 31 Fruit Trees based Agroforestry Systems – K.S. Pant, A.G. Yewale & Prem Prakash
Introduction - Fruit Tree based Agroforestry - Concept of Fruit based Agroforestry System - Advantages of Fruit based Agroforestry Systems - Fruit based Agroforestry Systems: Indian Scenario - Mango based Agroforestry System - Guava based Agroforestry System - Citrus based Agroforestry System - Aonla based Agroforestry System - Apple based Agroforestry System - Peach based Agroforestry System - Litchi based Agroforestry System - Sapota based Agroforestry System - Multitier Systems Consisting of Two or More Fruit Crops - Flower Crops as Intercrops in Orchards - Agrihortisilviculture - Agrihorticulture - Fruit Trees based Agroforestry Research in Dr.YSPUHF, HP - Horti-Medicinal Agroforestry System
Chapter 32 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants based Agroforestry Systems – Ajay Thakur & Puran Chandra
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Valuable Resource - Significance and Utilization of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from Forest - Conservation of MAPs in Farm Cultivation - Medicinal and Aromatic Plants based Agroforestry Systems - Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Pure Stands/Orchards - Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as Overstorey Trees - Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as Intercrops - MAPs in Homestead Gardens - MAPs in Traditional Agroforestry Practices - Conclusion
Chapter 33 Fodder Production from Agroforestry Trees – Raj Kumar, J. Jayaprakash, J.M.S. Tomar, O.P. Charurvedi, Charan Singh & A.C. Rathore
Introduction - Significance of Tree Fodder - Selection of Trees for Fodder Purpose - Fodder Trees Planting - Tree based Agroforestry Systems for Fodder Production - Harvesting of Tree Fodder in Agroforestry Systems - Feeding Tree Fodder to Farm Animals - Harmful Side-Effects of Tree Fodder
Chapter 34 Agroforestry Practices for Fuelwood Production – Sharad Nema
Introduction - Overview of Forest and Fuelwood Status - Agroforestry for Meeting Fuelwood Demand - Scope and Approaches for Fuelwood Production in Land Use Systems - Choice of Fuelwood Species in Agroforestry - Management of Fuelwood Trees - Conclusion
PART 9: ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES OF AGROFORESTRY
Chapter 35 Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation – Munesh Kumar
Introduction - Agrobiodiversity - Significance of Agrobiodiversity - Changes in Agrobiodiversity - Threats to Agrobiodiversity - Conse-rvation Strategies of Agrobiodiversity - Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation - Conservation of Tree Diversity in Agroforestry
Chapter 36 Soil Fertility Improvement and Nutrient Cycling in Agroforestry – S.K.Uttam, Munish Kumar & Antony Joseph Raj
Introduction - Soil Fertility and Productivity - Effects of Agroforestry Trees on Soil Quality Improvement - Concept of Nutrient Cycling - Nutrient Cycling in Agroforestry Systems
Chapter 37 Agroforestry Practices for Soil and Water Conservation – J.M.S. Tomar, R. Kaushal, A.C. Rathore, H. Mehta & O.P. Chaturvedi
Introduction - Soil Erosion - What is Soil Conservation? - Role of Agroforestry in Soil and Water Conservation - Agroforestry Practices for Soil and Water Conservation
Chapter 38 Agroforestry Practices for Wasteland Development – S.B.Lal & Antony Joseph Raj
Introduction - Land Degradation - What is Wasteland? - Wastelands in India - National Action Programme to Combat Desertification - Wasteland Development - Wasteland Development through Agroforestry - Trees, Crops and Grasses suitable for Agroforestry Practices in Degraded Lands
Chapter 39 Windbreak and Shelterbelt Agroforestry Systems – C. Buvaneswaran
Windbreak Agroforestry System - Common Benefits of Windbreak - Benefits of Windbreak reported in Research Studies - Planning and Designing of Windbreaks - Optimum Number of Rows and Spacing for Windbreaks - Selection of Species for Windbreaks - Ideotype Breeding for Windbreaks - Shelterbelt Agroforestry System - Conclusion
Chapter 40 Agroforestry for Carbon Sequestration, Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation – Antony Joseph Raj
Global Carbon Cycle - Global CO2 Emissions - Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming - Climate Change - Forest Carbon Cycle - Carbon Sequestration - Agroforestry and Carbon Sequestration - Assessment of Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry - Agroforestry and Climate Change Mitigation - Agroforestry and Climate Change Adaptation - Challenges and Main Thrust Areas in Carbon Agroforestry
PART 10: MODERN APPROACHES IN AGROFORESTRY
Chapter 41 Tree Borne Oilseeds (TBOs) based Agroforestry Systems – C. Buvaneswaran & Afaq Majid Wani
Introduction - Tree Borne Oilseeds (TBOs) - TBOs based Agroforestry Systems - Neem (Azadirachta indica) - Pungam (Pongamia pinnata) - Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) - Paradise Tree (Simarouba glauca) - Alexandrian Laurel (Calophyllum inophyllum) - Kusum (Schleichera oleosa) - Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) - Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) - Wild Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) - Tung (Aleurites species) - Indian Jujube or Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) - Wild Plum (Ximenia americana)
Chapter 42 Tree Growth and Yield Modelling in Agroforestry – Ajit
Introduction - Artistry of Modelling - Model Estimation - Model Validation - Tree Modelling Techniques - Tree Growth and Yield Modelling Strategies - Linear Functions - Non Linear Functions - Allometric/Power Functions - Sigmoid Functions - Parabolic Functions - Tree Height and Volume Equations - Tree Growth Modelling Website in Indian Perspective - Conclusion
Chapter 43 Remote Sensing and GIS Application in Agroforestry – Hailemariam Gebrewahid & Emiru Birhane
Introduction - Remote Sensing Techniques and Components - Types of Remote Sensing - Photogrammetry and Aerial Photograph - Air Photo Interpretation - Satellite Remote Sensing - What is Geographic Information System (GIS)? - Components of GIS - Capabilities of GIS - GIS Data Types and Models - Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Agroforestry
PART 11: AGROFORESTRY EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
Chapter 44 Agroforestry Education, Research and Extension – N. Kaushik
Introduction - Agroforestry Education inIndia- Global Experiences in Agroforestry Education - Agroforestry Research inIndia- Agroforestry Research in World - Agroforestry Extension
Chapter 45 On-Farm Research in Agroforestry – M.P. Divya, V. Priyanka & B. Vinothini
Introduction - What is On-farm Research? - Why On-farm Research? - Types of On-farm Research - Experimental On-farm Research - Developmental On-farm Research - Phases in Developmental On-farm Research - Experimental Designs in On-farm Research - On-farm Adaptations
Chapter 46 Experimental Designs in Agroforestry Research – Emiru Birhane, Hailemariam Gebrewahid & Antony Joseph Raj
Introduction - What is Experimental Design? - Agroforestry Experiment Design Requirements - Types of Agroforestry Experiments - Agroforestry Experimental Designs (Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Latin Square Design (LSD), Incomplete Block Designs, Factorial Design, Split-Plot Design, Systematic Designs, Y-Design, Star Design, Two-Way Systematic Design, Augmented Design, Design to Study MPT Effect)
Chapter 47 International and National Organizations of Agroforestry – Antony Joseph Raj & Afaq Majid Wani
International Organizations - Regional Organizations - National Organizations - Agroforestry/Forestry Journals
Bibliography
