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Canal Systems Automation Manual

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Canal Systems Automation Manual

USDI

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Preface

1.  INTRODUCTION

SCOPE OF THE MANUAL

1.1General

1.2 Purpose

1.3 Organization

BASIC TERMINOLOGY

1.4  Canal Automation

1.5 Water Conveyance Systems

a. Classification

b. Types

1.6 Main Features of a Water Conveyance System 4

1.7 Canal System Control Methods

a. Local manual control 

b. Local automatic control

C. Supervisory control

d. Combined control systems

CANAL SYSTEMS AUTOMATION FUNDAMENTALS

1.8 Purpose and- Benefits

1.9 Canal Operation and Control Concepts

a. Canal operations concepts

b. Canal control concepts

c. Concept compatability

1.10 Basic Operational Requirements

1.11Supply and Demand Variation

1.12 Automation Applications

CANAL CONTROL HISTORY

1.1 General

1.14 Contractural Arrangements

1.15 Local Automatic Control History

1.16 Supervisory Control History

1.17 Summary

1.18 Bibliography

 

2. OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION TO CANAL OPERATIONS

2.1 Principles of Operation

a. Definition

b. Objectives

c. Balanced pool operation d. Conventional operation

e. Supply and demand

f. Prediction versus reaction

2.2 Canal Systems

2.3 Water Schedule

2.4 Water Transfer Procedure

CANAL HYDRAULICS

2.5 Flow Types

2.6 Steady Flow

a. Steady, uniform flow

b. Steady, gradually varied flow

c. Steady, rapidly varied flow

2.7 Unsteady Flow

a. Unsteady, uniform flow

b. Unsteady, gradually varied flow

c. Unsteady, rapidly varied flow

2.8 Storage Considerations

DELIVERY CONCEPTS

2.9 General

2.10 Rotation Delivery

2.11 Scheduled Delivery

2.12 Demand Delivery

2.13 Comparison and Combination of Delivery Concepts

METHODS OF OPERATION

2.14 Pool Operation Alternatives

2.15 Constant Downstream Depth

2.16 Constant Upstream Depth

2.17 Constant Volume

2.18 Controlled Volume

CHECK GATE OPERATION

2.19 Check Structures

2.20 Sequential Operating Technique

2.21 Simultaneous Operating Technique

2.22 Selected Operating Technique

CONSTRAINTS

2.23 Physical Properties a. Pool length

b. Freeboard

c. Drawdown

d. Pumping plants

e. Turnouts

f. Check structures

g. Drains

h. Closed conduits

2.24 Storage

a. In-channel storage

b. Off-channel storage

2.25 Wasting Water

2.26 Power Restrictions

2.27 Personnel

2.28 Bibliography

 

3 CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS

Control theory

3.1 Canal Control

3.2 Control Classification

3.3 Basic Elements

3.4 Canal Controller Enhancements

a. Filters

b. Deadband

c. Antihunt

d. Multicontrol loops

3.5 Control Stability

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL

3.6 Modes of Control

a. Two position

b. Three position

c. Proportional

d. Reset or integral

e. Rate or derivative

3.7 Direct and Reverse Action

3.8 Algorithms

CANAL SYSTEM CONTROL METHODS

3.9 Local Manual Control

3.10 Local Automatic Control

3.11 Supervisory Control

a. Supervisory manual control

b. Supervisory automatic control

3.12 Combined Control Methods

CONTROL ALGORITHMS

3.13 Little-Man Algorithm

3.14 Colvin Algorithm

3.15 EL-FLO and EL-FLO + RESET

3.16 P+PR

3.17 BIVAL

3.18 Controlled Volume

3.19 Gate Stroking

3.20 Variable Target

AUTOMATIC CONTROL COMPONENTS

3.21 Canalside Controllers and RTUs

3.22 Master Stations and Control Centers

3.23 Sensors

3.24 Communication Systems

3.25 Bibliography

 

4. CONTROL SELECTION FOR EXISTING CANAL SYSTEMS PLANNlNG

4.1 Planning Process

PROJECT DEFINITION

4.2 Project Description

a. Canal headworks

b. Main conveyance channel

c. Canalside turnouts

4.3 Operating Criteria

a. Objectives

b. Constraints

c. Improvements

CONTROL METHOD SELECTION

4.4 Operation and Control Concepts

a. Operation concept

b. Control concept

4.5 Methods of Operation

a. Freeboard and pool length constraints

b. Response and recovery characteristics

4.6 Selecting the Practical Control Method

a. Local manual control

b. Local automatic control

c. Supervisory control

d. Combined control methods

DEFINITION OF REQUIREMENTS

4.7 Operation Studies

4.8 Equipment Considerations

4.9 Site investigations

4.10 Control Equipment

4.11 installation and Testing

4.12 Maintenance

FEASIBILITY

4-13 Costs

4-14 Benefits

4-15 Evaluation

4-16 Report

IMPLEMENTATION

4-17 Final Design

4-18 Specifications

4-19 Onsite Preparations

4-20 Testing and installation

4-21 Bibliography

Glossary

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