Preface xi

Foreword xiii

Introductory Notes xvii

PART I - BASIC DISASTER MANAGEMENT ASPECTS

Chapter 1 The Significance of Disaster 3

The Traditional Disaster Threat 3

The New Disaster Threats 4

The Geography of Disaster 5

The Modern Loss Factor 6

Major Aspects of Significance 6

Chapter 2 The Disaster Threat 9

The General Effects of Disaster 10

Outlines of Individual Disasters 10

Process of Defining the Disaster Threat 21

Use of Disaster Threat Information 22

Chapter 3 National Disaster Management Policy 25

Clear Definition of National Policy 25

The Process of Policy Definition 26

Main Elements of National Policy 29

Arrangements for Monitoring and Review 31

Chapter 4 Major Requirements for Coping with Disaster 35

Scope of Disaster-Related Action 35

The Philosophy for Coping with Disaster 36

Foundation Factors 37

Organization 37

Planning 41

Use of Resources 43

Specialist Skills 45

Training Needs 46

IV Disaster Management

Chapter 5 The Disaster Management Cycle 49

The Disaster Management Cycle 49

Composition of Main Activities 51

Application to Practical Disaster Management 56

Chapter 6 Disaster and National Development 59

Disaster and the National Image 59

The Impact of Disaster on National Development 62

National Development and Disaster

Management Policy 66

Chapter 7 Disaster Legislation 71

The Need for and Value of Legislation 71

Main Areas Covered by Legislation 72

Sample Draft of a National Disaster Act 73

Chapter 8 Counter-Disaster Resources 81

Types of Resources 82

Evaluation of Resources 84

Roles and Responsibilities of

Resource Organizations 86

Annex: Military Forces in the Counter-Disaster Role 94

Chapter 9 International Disaster Assistance 101

Modern Concept of International Disaster

Assistance 101

Types of International Assistance 102

Sources of International Assistance 104

Arrangements by Recipient Countries 105

Local Problems Arising from International

Assistance 108

The Relationship between Donors and Recipients 109

Chapter 10 Leadership in Disaster 111

Leadership under Crisis Conditions 111

Some Ramifications of Political Leadership 113

Leadership in the Direction of Response Operations 116

Leadership in Resource Organizations 118

Community Leadership 119

Some Leadership Attributes and Desirabilities 120

Contents V

Chapter 11 Organization 125

Factors Affecting Organizational Systems 125

Organizational Components 129

Organizational Structures 138

Chapter 12 Plans 145

The Need for Counter-Disaster Plans 146

Some General Considerations Applicable

to Planning 146

The Format of Plans 150

The Planning Process 152

Critical Areas in Planning 154

Aspects for Consideration during Planning 161

Annex: Suggested Outline for a Main Action Plan 170

Chapter 13 Use of Resources 173

The Need for Optimum Use of Resources 174

Functional Requirements of Resource 176

Organizations

Management of Resources for Optimum 178

Effectiveness

Activation of Resources 180

Graduated Response 182

Commodity Management 183

Annex: Suggested Format for Standard 185

Operating Procedures

PART II – LONG-TERM MEASURES

Chapter 14 Prevention 191

The Need to Consider Disaster Prevention 191

Problem Areas in Prevention 192

Positive Approaches Toward Prevention 193

Resources Relevant to Prevention 195

Chapter 15 Mitigation 197

Guiding Principles of Mitigation 199

Examples of Mitigation Measures 200

Problem Areas in Mitigation 200

Requirements for Effective Mitigation 202

Major Mitigation Components 203

Resources Relevant to Mitigation 207

VI Disaster Management

Formulation and Implementation of 209

Mitigation Programs

PART III – MAJOR FACTORS PRIOR TO DISASTER IMPACT

Chapter 16 Preparedness 213

The Nature of Preparedness 214

Some Problem Areas in Preparedness 214

Summary of Preparedness Needs 216

Maintenance of Preparedness Levels 220

Funding 223

Warning Aspects 224

Precautionary Measures Prior to Disaster Impact 224

Resources Relevant to Preparedness

Arrangements 227

PART IV – RESPONSE TO DISASTER IMPACT

Chapter 17 Response 231

Important Characteristics of Response 232

Some Problem Areas in Response 234

Requirements for Effective Response 237

Follow-on from Response Operations 246

Human Factors in Response 248

Resources Relevant to Various

Aspects of Response 249

Annex: Notes on Evacuation 251

Chapter 18 Logistics 259

General Description of Logistics 259

The Importance and Place of Logistics

in Disaster Management 260

Response Aspects 260

Recovery Aspects 264

Preparedness Requirements 265

Management, Administrative, and Accounting

Considerations 269

Contents VII

PART V – MAJOR POST-IMPACT FACTORS

Chapter 19 Recovery 275

Key Points from Disaster Analysis 276

Transfer of Responsibilities from Response

to Recovery 276

Continuation of Response Activity 277

The Basis for Recovery Action 278

Problem Areas in Recovery 278

Major Requirements for Effective Recovery 279

Human Factors in Recovery 285

Resources Relevant to Recovery Programs 288

Projection of the Recovery Process 289

Chapter 20 Post-Disaster Review 291

The Importance of Post-Disaster Review 292

Reasons for Omission of Post-Disaster Review 292

Aspects Covered in Post-Disaster Review 293

Major Investigations into Disasters 293

Use of Results 294

PART VI – DISASTER MANAGEMENT SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS

Chapter 21 Training 297

Individual Country Requirements 298

The Need for Training 298

Training Policy 299

Types of Training and Trainee Categories 299

Implementation of Training 301

Public Education 304

Annex: Examples of In-Country Training Programs 305

Chapter 22 Public Awareness 307

The Importance of Public Awareness 308

Responsibility for Public Awareness Programs 309

Main Aspects of Programs 310

Information Format 311

Information Channels 312

Organization of Programs 312

Effectiveness of Information 313

Maintenance of Awareness Levels 313

VIII Disaster Management

Chapter 23 Research 315

The Extent of Modern Disaster-Related Research 315

The Importance of Research 317

Practical Use of Research Information 318

APPENDIXES

Appendix A Vulnerability Analysis 323

Appendix B Warning and Warning Systems 333

Appendix C Survey and Assessment 343

Appendix D Examples of Disaster Legislation 355

Cook Islands 355

Papua New Guinea 365

Queensland, Australia 375