1. HISTORY OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
    1.1. MICROORGANISMS AND DISEASE
    1.2. DEVELOPMENT OF PURE CULTURE
    1.3. VIRUSES AS HUMAN PATHOGEN
    1.4. SOURCES AND SPREAD OF INFECTION
    1.5. IMMUNITY AND IMMUNIZATION
    1.6. FUTURE
    1.7. FURTHER READING 
2.NORMAL MICROBIAL FLORA OF HUMAN BODY
    2.1. INTRODUCTION
    2.2. STATUS OF MICROFLORA IN HUMAN BODY
    2.3. TYPES OF MICROFLORA
    2.3.1 Microflora Associated with the Skin
    2.3.2 Normal Microflora of Eye
    2.3.3 Normal Micro Flora of the Respiratory Tract
    2.3.4 Normal Micro Flora of Mouth
    2.3.5 Normal Micro Flora Associated with Teeth
    2.3.6 Normal Microflora of External Ear
    2.3.7 Normal Microflora Associated with Gastrointestinal Tract
    2.3.8 Genitourinary Tract
    2.4. FURTHER READING
3.HOST DEFENCE
    3.1 DEFINITION OF DISEASE
    3.2 NON-SPECIFIC DEFENCE MECHANISM
    3.2.1 Mechanical Barriers
    3.2.2 Classes of PRPs
    3.2.3 Formation of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROIs)
    3.2.4 Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates (RNIS)
    3.3 FURTHER READING
4.HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS
    4.1 INTRODUCTION
    4.2 BACTERIAL TOXINS
    4.2.1 Exotoxins
    4.2.2 Endotoxins
    4.3 VIRULENCE
    4.4 ATTENUATION
    4.5 FURTHER READING
5.GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY
    5.1 INTRODUCTION
    5.2 SPECIMENS
    5.3 COLLECTION
    5.4 TRANSPORT
    5.5 PROCESSING
    5.5.1 Microscopic Examination of the Specimen
    5.3.2 Culture Media
    5.5.3 Culture
    5.5.4 Viral Isolation using Tissue Culture Methods
    5.6 SEROLOGICAL TESTS
    5.6.1 Specificity and Sensitivity
    5.7 MOLECULAR METHODS
    5.8 BLOOD GROUPS
    5.8.1 ABO Blood Groups
    5.8.2 Rh Blood Groups
    5.9 BIOCHEMICAL METHODS
    5.10 FURTHER READING
6.CHEMOTHERAPY AND ANTIMICROBIALS
    6.1 INTRODUCTION
    6.2 CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
    6.2.1 Penicillins
    6.2.2 Cephalosporins
    6.2.3 Aminoglycosides
    6.2.4 Tetracyclines
    6.2.5 Quinolones
    6.2.6 Vancomycin
    6.2.7 Teicoplanin
    6.2.8 Chloramphenicol
    6.2.9 Erythromycin
    6.3 SULPHA DRUGS
    6.3.1 Structure
    6.3.2 Mechanism of Action
    6.3.3 Clinical Use
    6.4 ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
    6.4.1 Interferon (IFN)
    6.4.2 Amantadine
    6.4.3 Base Analogues
    6.4.4 Acyclovir (ACV)
    6.4.5 Ribavirin
    6.4.6 Azidothymidine (AZT)
    6.4.7 Ganciclovir (GCV)
    6.4.8 Adenine Arabinoside (AraA)
    6.4.9 Lamivudine
    6.4.10 Dideoxycytidine
    6.4.11 Dideoxyinosine
    6.4.12 Other Nucleoside Analogues
    6.5 ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTICS
    6.6 DRUG RESISTANCE
    6.6.1 Origin of Drug Resistance and its Transmission
    6.7 FURTHER READING
7.SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS
    7.1 INTRODUCTION
    7.2 FURTHER READING
8.PREVENTIVE CONTROL OF DISEASES
    8.1 INTRODUCTION
    8.2 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
    8.2.1 Passive Immunization
    8.2.2 Active Immunization
    8.3 VACCINES – NATURAL AND RECOMBINANT
    8.3.1 Natural Vaccines
    8.3.2 Recombinant Vaccines
    8.4 FURTHER READING
9.DISEASES OF MAN
    9.1 AIR-BORNE DISEASE
    9.1.1 Tuberculosis
    9.1.2 Influenza
    9.2 FOOD AND WATER-BORNE DISEASES
    9.2.1 Cholera
    9.2.2 Typhoid
    9.2.3 Hepatitis-A
    9.2.4 Poliomyelitis
    9.2.5 Amoebiasis
    9.3 INSECT-BORNE DISEASES
    9.3.1 Malaria
    9.3.2 Filariasis
    9.3.3 Dengue Fever
    9.4 CONTACT DISEASES
    9.4.1 Syphilis
    9.4.2 Gonorrhoea
    9.5 ZOONOTIC DISEASES
    9.5.1 Rabies
    9.5.2 Anthrax
    9.6 BLOOD-BORNE DISEASES
    9.6.1 Serum Hepatitis
    9.6.2 AIDS
    9.7 NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
    9.7.1 Hospital Environmental Factors Promoting Nosocomial               Infections
    9.7.2 Sources
    9.7.3 Nosocomial Pathogens
    9.7.4 Prevention and Control
    9.8 FURTHER READING
10.HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNOLOGY
    10.1 DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINATION
    10.2 DISCOVERY OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY
    10.3 IMMUNITY AGAINST NON-PATHOGENIC SUBSTRATES
    10.4 SELECTIVE THEORY
    10.5 STRUCTURE OF AN ANTIBODY
    10.6 SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION
    10.7 SCOPE OF IMMUNITY
    10.8 FURTHER READING
11.SCOPE OF IMMUNITY
    11.1 INTRODUCTION
    11.2 TYPES OF IMMUNITY
    11.3 ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
    11.3.1 Primary Lymphoid Organs and Tissue
    11.3.2 Secondary Lymphoid Organs and Tissues
    11.4 CELLS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
    11.4.1. Lymphocytes
    11.4.2 Monocytes and Macrophages
    11.5 FURTHER READING
12.PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOLOGY
    12.1 INTRODUCTION
    12.1.1 Antigens
    12.1.2 Haptens
    12.2 FACTORS AFFECTING ANTIGENICITY
    12.3 ANTIBODIES
    12.3.1 Structure of Antibody (Ig)
    12.3.2 Classes of Ig
    12.4 FURTHER READING
13.POLYCLONAL AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
    13.1 PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION
    13.1.1 Polyclonal Antibodies
    13.1.2 Monoclonal Antibodies
    13.2 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND HYBRIDOMAS
    13.2.1 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses
    13.3 FURTHER READING
14.IMMUNE DISORDERS – HYPERSENSITIVITY
    14.1 IMMUNE DISORDERS
    14.1.1 Hypersensitivity
    14.1.2 Autoimmunity and its Significance
    14.2 FURTHER READING