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Taxonomy of Mycotoxigenic Fungi

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Taxonomy of Mycotoxigenic Fungi

S. Girisham , V.K. Rao & S.M. Reddy

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Blurb

Mycotoxins, toxic metabolites of molds elaborated during their colonization of foods and feeds, pose a threat to human and animal life. Molds are the diverse group of fungi, which grow in compatatively dry and warm environments, produce copious amount of spores and promote the elaboration of these mycotoxins. Mycotoxigenic fungi, which are unique their sporulating apparatus and exhibit wide variation in their morphology, poses a challenge in their identification. There are numerous examples of their misidentification leading to wrong conclusions. Precise information on taxonomy of these fungi is lacking. Therefore, this book fulfills the need of providing comprehensive information and keys helpful for the accurate identification of these moulds. The book also provides comprehensive account of morphology, mycotoxins produced and factors leading to the elaboration of mycotoxins. Information on their molecular detection, anamorphic and teleomorphic relationships is also included.

Chapter 1 Introduction

 1.1.(i) General Introduction

 1.2. (ii) Key to the identification of mycotoxin producing fungi

 1.3. (iii) Figures of Mycotoxigenic Fungi

Chapter 2 Isolation and detection of mycotoxigenic fungi

 2.1. Mycological Examination of Foods

 2.2. Sample Preparation

 2.3. Methods and Media for Isolation of Xerophilic Fungi

 2.4. Taxonomy of Food Spoilage Fungi

 2.5. Culture Collections and their Importance in Mycotoxin Research

 2.5.1. Methods of Metabolic Activity Maintained Fungal Cultures

 2.5.2. Methods of Metabolically Inactive Fungal Cultures

 2.6. Importance of Culture Collections for Research on Mycotoxigenic Fungi of Stored Products

 2.7. Culture Collection and Developing Countries

Chapter 3:  Description of Various Mycotoxigenic Fungi

 1. Acremonium

 2. Alternaria

 3. Arthrinium

 4. Ascochyta

 5. Aspergillus

 6. Beauveria

 7. Bipolaris

 8. Byssochlamys

 9. Ceratocystis

 10. Chalara

 11. Chaetomium

 12. Cladosporium

 13. Clavariopsis

 14. Claviceps

 15. Colletotrichum

 16. Curvularia

 17. Cylindrocarpon

 18. Dendrodochium

 19. Diaporthe

 20. Diplodia

 21. Dichotomomyces

 22. Drechslera

 23. Dematophora

 24. Epichloe

 25. Epicoccum

 26. Fusarium

 27. Fusicoccum

 28. Gerlachia

 29. Gibberella

 30. Gliocladium

 31. Gloeotinia

 32. Hormiscium

 33. Hyalodendron

 34. Lasiodiplodia

 35. Metarrhizium

 36. Microdochium

 37. Magnaparthe

 38. Monographella

 39. Myrothecium

 40. Nigrospora

 41. Paecilomyces

 42. Papulaspora

 43. Penicillium

 44. Periconia

 45. Pestalotiopsis

 46. Phoma

 47. Phomopsis

 48. Piricauda

 49. Pithomyces

 50. Pteroconium

 51. Pyricularia

 52. Rosellinia

 53. Sclerotinia

 54. Sepedonium

 55. Stachybotrys

 56. Sphacilia

 57. Talaromyces

 58 Thanatephorerus

 59. Thielavia

 60. Torulopsis

 61. Trichoderma

 62. Trichotheicum

 63. Verticillium

 64. Verticimonosporium

 65. Zygosporium

Chapter 4 Molecular Detection of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins

 4. 1. Introduction

 4.2. Biosynthetic Gene Clusters

 4.3. Molecular Markers for Fungal Complex Genetic Analyses

 4.4. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Detection of Mycotoxigenic species

 4.5. Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP)

 4.6. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

 4.7. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)

 4.8. Molecular Detection of Different Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds

Chapter 5 Pleomorphism in Mycotoxigenic Fungi

 5.1. Pleomorphism with Conidia of the same Ontogenic Type

 5.2. Pleomorphism with Conidia of different types

 5.3. Pleomorphism of Conidiomata

 5.4. Sequence of States

 5.5. Pleomorphism and Classification

 5.6. Pleomorphism and Nomenclature

 

Chapter 6 Ecology of Mycotoxigenic Fungi

 6.1. Effect of Physical factors

 6.2. Effect of Chemical factors

 6.3. Influence of Biological factors

 Glossary

 List of Mycotoxigenic Species

 References

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