The present paper deals with an account of 587 ethnobotanical uses of 264 plant species belonging to 102 families and 205 genera, collected from different tribal and rural people of Balangir district of Odisha. These data are outcome of extensive ethnobotanical surveys among 8 major tribal groups and 17 non-tribal communities in 85 villages under 3 sub-divisions of the district. About 43 tribal groups and many rural communities resides in and around the forests of the district and depend mainly on plant resources for their daily requirements like food, fodder, fibre, fuel, medicine, wood, gum, dye etc. These first hand ethnobotanical data are being enumerated with their botanical name, family, local name (s), locality (ies) and voucher number(s), followed by ethnobotanical uses collected from field study and from already published literature.