The Meiteis are the largest ethnic community of Manipur, a hilly state in the remote north-eastern corner of India. Besides the Meiteis, Manipur is also inhabited by Manipuri Muslims, 29 tribal communities, 7 scheduled caste communities and people from other parts of India. The Meiteis extensively used plants as medicine since time immemorial. Elder members of each and every Meitei household do possess some knowledge about the use of plants as medicines. This paper describes the culture and environment of the Meiteis and their use of medicinal plants. In all 29 ultivated and wild monocotyledonous plants and their medicinal uses are described in this paper. Local names are also provided for all the species. Efforts have also been made to find out the correct names in accordance with the latest International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.