A field experiment on “Genetic Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under Foothills of Nagaland” was conducted on 72 genotypes including 3 checks during kharif 2024. The results revealed highly significant genotypic differences for most of the characters and existence of substantial genetic variability. Seed yield and oil content exhibited high GCV and PCV estimates. Broad-sense heritability was high across the traits, with substantial genetic advance for capsules per plant, primary branches, 1000-seed weight, oil content, and seed yield, indicating additive gene action. Seed yield positively correlated with capsules per plant, days to 50% flowering, and primary branches, but negatively with seed weight. Pathanalysis indicated directpositive effects of number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of primary branches per plant and 1000-seed weight on grain yield. The yield was also indirectly affected by plant height, capsule length, days to maturity. Genotypes ‘Chuchuyimlang’ and ‘NempoKarjung’ excelled in yield and key components, demonstrating superior adaptation under Nagaland’s foothill conditions and identified the same as the promising parents for region-specific sesame improvement programs.