The present study was carried out to analyze the growth and instability in area, production and productivity of sesamum and acreage response to sesamum crop in arid zone of Rajasthan. The study was confined to six districts of arid zone having more than 10,000 ha area under sesamum cultivation during last decade. The data were collected for the period 1960-2003 and analyzed by using exponential production function and instability index. The results revealed that area and production have increased in the arid zone of Rajasthan but with high instability. The productivity registered lower but relatively more stable growth compared to area under production. The allocation of area to sesamum crop guided by rainfall during crop growing season, yield lagged by one year and also have positive response to lagged price in Bikaner and Jodhpur districts only.