Survival, growth and biomass production of Colophosperpum mopane was studied with gypsum and nitrogen on loamy sand saline alkali soil in hot arid region of Rajasthan state in India. A field trial was laid out with two levels of gypsum (0 and 100% soil G.R.) and three doses of nitrogen (0, 9 and 18 g of N in the form of urea) on two soil structures (control and circular dish mound - CDM) in a randomized block design in August 2003. After five years C. mopane maintained 89% overall mean survival (86.5% in control and 92.1% on CDM). Plants on CDM structure attained mean height of 113 cm and 158 cm crown diameter compared to 101 and 151 cm for control. Treatments T3 (N1) and T4 (N2) attained significantly more height and crown diameter than T1 and T2 though the difference was not significant. Overall, plants on CDM recorded, on an average, 1450 g green biomass per plant which was 5.9% more compared to plants grown under control condition (1370g). The difference was 9.1% for leaf and 5.2% branch component, respectively. Mean fresh root-mass was 32% higher in control (729.1 g tree-1) compared to CDM (552.5 g tree-1); the effect was visible in all the treatments. Number of roots, with < 50 cm length (6 to 15), in control was more than for the corresponding treatment on CDM. The trend was opposite for roots with < 50 cm length. Smaller roots were thicker resulting in higher root mass for control treatments. Roots get thinner as they penetrated CaCO3 layer. However, overall mean root length (821cm) and root numbers (14.5) were almost same for both the structures. Nitrogen in combination to gypsum significantly influenced the growth and biomass (above and below ground) irrespective of soil structures. N1 dose was more effective followed by N1. It did not suppress the growth of indigenous salt tolerant grasses mainly Sporobolous diander and Chloris virgata. It adapted well, flowered, produced viable seed and natural germination is also observed through seed.