The Thar Desert of Rajasthan, particularly the Barmer district, presents extreme climatic conditions characterized by erratic rainfall, low soil fertility, and scarce livelihood options. Traditional agriculture and livestock rearing in this region are highly unstable. To address these vulnerabilities, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, implemented a project titled “Integrated Livelihood Approach for Enhancing Rural Income” from 2023–24 to 2025–26. This paper evaluates the multi-dimensional impact of introducing Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) across the region. The project focused on crop diversification, livestock health management, kitchen gardening, and women empowerment. Over a three-year period, the intervention successfully doubled vegetable incomes, increased livestock returns by over 30%, and generated a substantial regional economic benefit of `79.5 lakh. The results demonstrate that combining scientific knowledge with local resources can transform fragile desert environments into resilient, sustainable livelihood systems