The pollen morphology of five species of Dillenia and Schumacheria of Dillenioid clade (Dilleniaceae) dis-tributed in the Western province of Sri Lanka was inves-tigated using light and scanning electron microscopes. Dillenia indica L., Dillenia retusa Thunb., Dillenia suf-fruticosa (Griff. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Martelli, Dillenia triquetra (Rottb.) Gilg and Schumacheria castaneifolia Vahl were the species studied for pollen morphology and its bearing on species identification. The pollen grains of the species studied are all monads, radially symmetrical, isopolar and sub-oblate to oblate-spheroidal, with tri- or tetracolpate apertures. Exine sculpture is punctuate but for Dillenia retusa, which exhibits reticulate pattern. The polar axes of the pollen grains ranged from 13.6-22.2 µm and the equatorial axes from 14.8-27.1 µm. The polar and equatorial diameters and mesocolpium length are found to be useful for segregating the species studied, and despite the pollen heteromorphy.

The ethno-botanico-medicinal knowledge of Ao Naga tribe was gathered through interviews using a standard, pre-structured, validated questionnaire so-liciting the local name, plant part/s used, name of the illness being treated, drug preparation and dosage. The study helped to document 16 Angiosperm species as anticancer plants from 12 families, comprising seven trees, eight herbs and one shrub. Traditional treatments are accessible to the loal peoople for seven types of cancer, namely blood, breast, gall bladder, liver, lungs, mouth and stomach. The highest used plant part was fruits (31.25%), followed by leaves (25%) and rhizomes (18.75%). The Relative Frequency of Citation value ranges from 0.45 to 0.97. The family-use value was recorded as highest for Zingiberaceae. The 100% fidelity level was found for Curcuma caesia, Garcinia peduncu-lata, Myrica rubra, Picria fel-terrae and Rhus chinensis. The recorded data gathered may be useful for further research in the area of pharmacology in the context of novel drug development.

The survey of different Rabi crops of Malwa region of Punjab, India, during the years 2018‒2021 resulted in documenting 72 angiosperm weeds of 59 genera from  25 families. The wheat crop was found infested with maximum number of weed species (71 spp.), following  by mustard and various pulses (59 spp. each), sugarcane  (58) and fodder (berseem) crop (56 spp.). Of these, 82%  (59 spp.) are annuals and 18% (13 spp.) perennials. Naturally, 93% (67 spp.) are herbs and the remaining  7% (5 spp.) shrubs. Among the families, Asteraceae are  the most dominant with 14 species followed by Poaceae (8 spp.) and Amaranthaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Solanaceae (4 spp. each). 

This study was carried out in newly declared human-impacted Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary to document the life-forms and present the biological spectrum. The study enlists 149 flowering plant species belonging to 134 genera under 56 families. Of these, Rosids (56 species) are the most species dominant followed by Asterids (45 spp.) and Monocots (30 spp.) besides enriched with seven basal angiosperm species. The Apocynaceae are the most dominant family followed by Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae and Poaceae. Among the genera, Ficus was found as dominant with four species followed by Cyperus and Dioscorea (3 spp. each). As per growth forms, herbs dominate (51 spp.; 33.8%), followed  by  trees  (47  spp.;  31.7%),  shrubs  (29  spp.;

19.6%), and climbers (22 spp.; 14.9%). The Raunkiaer life-form  analysis  shows  that   phanerophytes   make up 54% of the flora followed by 13% cryptophytes (geophytes), 12% therophyte, 11% hemicryptophytes and 10% chamaephytes. The study suggests that the region enjoys a hot and humid Phanerophytic climate. The selective planting of various fruit-bearing woody species contributed to the dominance of phanerophytes; historically the site was an orchard till it was declared a sanctuary in 1982. However, there were changes in the plant growth over the decades of protected status.

The Herbarium housed at the Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, was established in 1930 and indexed in global directory of herbaria with the acronym HY. The herbarium collections are a potential resource for botanical research and floristic assessment. Its herbarium Holdings comprise 7,025 specimens to 1503 genera and 3,628 species under 167 families of seed plants, arranged as per bentham & Hookers system of classification (1862-1883). Among these, 1602 specimens were from outside India, via, Australia (66 spp.), Great Britain (15 spp.), Mexico (7 spp.), Scotland (Edinburgh: 20 spp.), Singapore (1 spp.) and USA (1,479 spp.). The herbarium (HY) has played a crucial role in documenting  developing interactive identification keys for the Angiosperms of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana  state. Osmania University herbarium collections are the basis for furthering research in Taxonomy, Ecology, Palynology and Phytodiversity Conservation. Through continuous enrichment of herbarium collections and preservation efforts, HY continues to provide invaluable base-line data as an opportunity to study change in flora due to shift in landuse, pollution, climate change, and alien introductions, and the fall out  on local plant diversity, ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes.