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Home Books Botany Botany Ecology Workbook

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Blurb

The workbook is based on the concept of ecosystem, the structural and functional unit of ecology. The main contention of the author to provide better understanding and evaluation of the flow of energy and cycling of water and minerals to the three major plant ecosystems viz. grass, forest and freshwater. The exercises are given separately for each of the three ecosystems. During their exercise the are likely to reveal the biological basis of organic productivity. The exercise presented in the workbook will lead to better comprehension of the concept of ecosystems. First practice of the exercise on grassland and the laboratory which is likely to equip the worker with knowledge and confidence to move on to the forest or the freshwater areas for study. The other corresponding topics of the three ecosystems has the advantage of comparing and bringing the structural and functional differences between the ecosystems. The work book is useful for under graduates, post graduate students and researcher of Ecology, Botany, Zoology and Environmental Studies.

Mapping of the Site
Physical Characters of Soil
Chemical Characters of Soil
Atmosphere
Biotic Factors
Water
Cmmunity Structure
Frequency
Density
Cover and Basal Area
Importance Valuse Index and other Characteristics
Comparison of Stands, Ordination, Continuum, etc.
Charting and Mapping of Vegetation
Intra-and Inter-specific Relations
Raunkiaer's Life-form and Biological Spectrum
Profile Diagram
Behaviour of Component Species (Autecology) of the Ecosystem
Geography, Evolution and Systematics
Structural and Physiological characters and their Variations
Population Characteristics and Ecotypic Differentiation
Cytogenetical and Breeding Behaviour
Reproductive Capacity, Dormancy, etc.
Vegetative Propagation
Seedling Mortality and Growth Rate (Productivity at Different Stages and Seasonal Periodicity)
Flow of Energy
Radiations (Light, Heat Transfer)
Annual Increment due to Producers
Food-Chain and rate of removal of produce by Consumers
Energy release by Decomposers
Water Cycle
Water Input (Precipitation)
Return of Water to Atmosphere
Loss of Water due to Percolation
Loss of Water due to Run-off
Gain of Water due to Run-off from Adjoining Area
Conservation of Water in the Soil
Conservation of Water in the Biomass
Carbon Cycle
Carbon Dioxide Absorption by the Biomass
Carbon Dioxide Loss from the Biomass
Carbon Dioxide Loss from Soil and Water
Storage of carbon as Carbonate & Organic Matter in Soil and Water.
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen Input by Nitrogen Fixing Organisms
Nitrogen loss by Denitrifying Organisms
Uptake and Storage of Nitrogen in Plants

Cycling of CA, Mg, P, K
Uptake and Storage in Plants
Amount present in Soil and Water
Succession
Recording Data from Sites showing different stages of Succession
Energy level of standing crop of the Sere
Succession Diagram

Appendix A : List of Species found in Grasslands of Banaras Hindu University
Appendix B : List of Common Species found in Forests near about Varanasi
Appendix C : List of Species found in Freshwater Ponds
Appendix D : List of Equipment
Appendix E : List of Chemicals