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This book is twofold: to describe the
most important weather and agroclimatic products that are available by the National Meteorological Service (NMS) and to identify the most
important needs of farmers concerning climate information. Special
consideration will be given to the local knowledge used by rural farmers, too
often neglected, but a key factor to their ability to cope with climate
variability and change.
An additional objective of this book is to improve communication among the NMS staff, in particular, meteorologists and agro meteorologists and to encourage APFS trainers and facilitators to be more aware of their respective availability. Furthermore, one of the most important aims is the exchange of agroclimatic information that corresponds to the needs of all concerned, thus facilitating the assessment of the existing climatic risks in Farming activities.
INTRODUCTION
Socio-economics trends and environmental challenges
Climate and agriculture
Climate information products and services required by agriculture
Information gaps
SECTION
2
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Basic definitions
Main source of weather and climate information
Area of representativeness of meteorological observations
Weather and climate forecast
1.
Weather forecasting
2. Medium-range weather forecasting
3. Seasonal climate forecastingprojections
Climate-related data products
Point climate data
Gridded climate data
Spatial interpolation
Digital data formats
Foreword
Acronyms
iii
SECTION
3
AGROMETEOROLOGY PRODUCTS
Agrometeorology
Agricultural relevant rainfall/cropping season parameters
Agrometeorological analysis
Agro-ecological zoning
Farming systems
Crop calendar and crop growing season
Agrometeorological crop monitoring
Agrometeorological advisories
Remote-sensing based products
FAO - GIEWS
USDA – Crop Explorer
RainFall Estimate by remote sensing
SECTION
4
WHAT KIND OF CLIMATE INFORMATION IS NEEDED BY FARMERSdecisions
Decision-making based on weather and climate information
Participatory integrated climate services for agriculture
Handbook for community agrometeorological participatory extension service
SECTION
5
CLIMATE INFORMATION AND LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Local knowledge
Farmers knowledge about climate information
Embedding farmers knowledge into agrometeorological tools
SECTION
6
DISSEMINATION OF CLIMATE INFORMATION TO FARMERSprinciples
Farmer Field Schools – Concept
Climate Field Schools
iv
SECTION
7
AN
INTEGRATED APPROACH -
RESPONSE FARMING IN RAINFED AGRICULTURE
Introduction
Concept
Methodology
Onset of rainfall season
Rainfall flag
Data requirement
Practical considerations
Limiting factors
SECTION
8
ENHANCED
INTEGRATED APPROACH -
CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE FARMING MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Concept
Methodology
Climate records
Climate risk patterns models
Survey
to assess weather prediction traditional indicators and
traditional weather predictions
Use of smartphone applications
Summary
References
ANNEXES
METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATE DATA
METHODS
TOOLS
EQUIPMENT
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