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This book is primarily prepared to cater students of undergraduate, postgraduate, research scholars and faculty members in Environmental Science, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Technology of universities/ institutes of India and abroad. It provides sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge about various environmental parameters, so as to have a clear understanding of them. The book comprises of four parts viz. air, water, soil and noise. Each part further contains various parameters involved in them except noise. Number of questions and answers on each parameter are presented in lucid and concise manner, so as to make all the aspects of it understandable. In addition to this, a number of appendixes are also upended which will provide additional knowledge on these parameters for overall understanding of them.

Preface

Acknowledgments

Common terminologies used in Environmental Analysis

1. AIR

1.1 Suspended and Respirable Particulate Matter

1.2 Dust Fall

1.3 Sulphur Dioxide

1.4 Oxides of Nitrogen

1.5 Ammonia

1.6 Sulphation Rate

2. WATER

2.1 Colour

2.2 Turbidity

2.3 pH

2.4 Conductivity

2.5 Solids

2.6 Acidity

2.7 Alkalinity

2.8 Hardness

2.9 Chlorides

2.10 Fluoride

2.11 Sodium and Potassium

2.12 Sulphate

2.13 Phosphate

2.14 Nitrogen (Kjeldahl)

2.15 Nitrate

2.16 Dissolved Oxygen

2.17 Chemical Oxygen Demand

2.18 Biochemical Oxygen Demand

2.19 Oil and Grease

2.20 Plankton

3. SOIL

3.1 Bulk and Particle Density

3.2 Texture

3.3 Water Holding Capacity

3.4 pH

3.5 Conductivity

3.6 Organic Carbon

3.7 Chlorides

4. NOISE

Appendixes

I Table 1. International Standard (IS) units

II Table 2. Strength of common Acids and Bases

Table 3. Equivalent weight of substances in Environmental Analysis 100

III Table 4. Methods of Measurment of Parameters and Pollutants

IV Table 5. Classification of Meteorological Parameters

Table 6. Insolation Category

V Table 7. Methods used for Air environment study

VI Table 8. Air quality monitoring methods

Table 9. Methods for Air pollutants analysis

VII Table 10. WHO Standards for heavy metals in suspended particulate matter (SPM) (1987)

Table 11. Settling velocity of unit density spheres in still air

VIII Table 12. Classification of Water analysis methods

Table 13. Water quality analysis methods

IX Table 14. Methods and detection limit for analysis of Water parameters

X Table 15. Heavy metals detection limits in Water Matrix

XI Table 16. Summary of Water quality parameters

XII Table 17. Indicator used in acidity and alkalinity titration

Table 18. Water classification on the basis of Hardness

Table 19. Conductivity conversion

XIII Table 20. Methods for Soil analysis

Table 21. Electrical conductivity (EC) of Soil and Plant growth

XIV Table 22. Soil rating on the basis of Organic Carbon

Table 23. Calorific values of different Fuels

XV National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Revised 2009)

XVI Diesel Generator Sets: Stack Height

XVII Table 24. A Comparative Analysis of Indian Standards for Drinking Water Specifications (BIS IS 10500)

XVIII ICMR Standards of Bacteriological Quality of Water

XIX Classification of Inland Surface Water

XX Thermal Power Plant: Standards for Liquid Effluent

XXI General Standards for Discharge of Environment Pollutants: Effluent Suitability of Treated Wastewater for Irrigation

XXII National Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise

XXIII Damage Risk Criteria for Hearing Loss

Table 25. Noise limits for vehicles applicable at manufacturing stage from year 2003

Table 26. Noise limits for vehicles applicable at manufacturing stage applicable from 1st April, 2005

XXIV Environment calendar