The exploration of the diversity of Lycophytes and ferns of Valparai Range of Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, Southern India resulted in the record for 10 lycophytes and 93 ferns of 18 pteridophyte families. Based on the habitat forms, there are 51 terrestrial, 15 epiphytes, 16 sciophytes 11 rheophytes and the rest mero-and xerophytes, eleven out of 103 pteridophytes, showed a very narrow distribution. Among them, Alsophila nilgiriensis (holttum) R.M.Tryon, Bolbitis semicordata (Baker) Ching, Diplazium travan-coricum Bedd, Semicordata (Baker) ching, Dipalazium Travan-coricum Bedd, Selaginella tenera (Hook & Grev.)Spring and S. wightii Hieron. are endemics. Araiastegia hymenophylloides (Blume) copel is listed as endangered whereas Athyrium cumingianum (C.Presl) Milde, Bolbitis semicordata, Diplazium travancorium and Huperzia phyllantha are considered globally threatened. Besides, Athyrium cumingianum (Athyriaceae) is an addition to the pteridophyte flora of Tamil Nadu state.