India is a versatile reservoir of medicinal plants of the world. The spectrum of medicinal flora is distributed in the terrestrial forest ecosystem, the alpine, the coastal region as well as the sea depth. Since centuries, the medicinal plants of forest have been invariably utilized by the humanity for the cure of various ailments. These plants are extensively used in traditional system of medicine. In this present work 34 species of medicinal plant belonging to 27 family are listed from Reang Tribes of North Tripura. These plants are reported to be effective for a number of diseases. The plants in this work are listed only on the basis of oral information. No pharmacological investigation of the plants mentioned here was carried out and as such this project does not suggest to use them.

Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts of Tamilnadu are located in the northwest corner of Tamilnadu. They are part of Deccan plateau and Mysore table land, occupied at an altitude of 300-1200m. The vegetation is scrub jungle and dry deciduous forest. 1200 species of flowering plants belonging to 120 families are present in these 2 districts. 237 species are trees, 136 species are shrubs, 81 species are climbers 485 species are herbs. 258 species are monocotyledons and 945 species are dicotyledons. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) is the largest family with 111 species. Botanical survey of India southern circle Coimbatore (1981-1988) studied the flora of these 2 districts in its flora Tamilnadu analysis. Mathew K.M. (1981-90) Rapinat herbarium Tiruchirapalli made a thorough survey on the flora of these districts. The common trees are listed in the table with common name and local name. Morethan 100 economically important medicinal herbs are distributed here. Rubia cordifolia, Gloriosa superba, Decalepis hamiltonii, Pterocarpus santalinus, Caralluma attennuata, Santalum album, Crataeva magna, Aristolochia indica, Aristolochia bracteolata are rare plants. More than 1000 villages are located in these two districts. The barren unused lands can be planted with native drought resistant trees and shrubs and enrich the green belt around villages. The districts are known for mango and tamarind and tomato. Granite industry is also a major activity here. The Hosur and Denkanikota area is well known for cut flower and vegetable production

Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight (Lythraceae) collected from village Patri of tehsil Sailana district Ratlam, for the first time from to the Madhya Pradesh state. The morphological features, up to date nomenclature, time of flowering - fruiting, ecological notes and photographs of this species have been presented in this paper.

Habenaria foliosa A.Rich. belonging to family of Orchidaceae is recorded for the first time from Saurashtra. The complete description and photographic illustration of the specimen is provided here for its easy identification.

Survey and observation was carried out in remote villages in east coast districts of Pudukkottai and Ramanathapuram in Tamilnadu, India. Information revealed that there are many plant species traditionally used by the villagers. From these 50 species belonging to 40 genera and 26 families of medicinally important plants were identified and their uses were described in this article. Among them, Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, Vitex negundo, Tamarindus indica, Tridax procumbens, Moringa oleifera, Erythrina indica and Sesbania grandiflora are some of the most useful medicinal plants in their day to day life.

The information on poisonous seeds of indigenous plant species is very much useful not only for promoting awareness among the people to avoid from harmful effects but also for judicious utilization of such seeds for control of insect-pests, bugs, mosquitoes and many injurious organisms. Very occasional references were made with regard to the poisonous nature of seeds of wild plants growing in the state or country. Therefore, attempts were made to identify the poisonous seeds of some selected plant species of Gandhamardan hill ranges of Orissa with their local name, locality of collection, distribution and notes on poisonous action.

The present paper reports addition of three species for the Flora of Marathwada

Herbal medicines have been very helpful in providing excellent lead for synthesizing better drugs for the treatment of different human ailments. In ancient Indian literature mention regarding the process for utilization of plants in treatment of various human diseases are abundant. The present paper carries about preliminary contribution to the uses of medicinal plants by the tribal and rural people of West Midnapore District. It has been estimated that eighty per cent of the world’s population still rely upon the traditional medicinal system for their primary health care. The demand for herbal products is again gradually increasing due to their safer use. In all, 72 medicinal plants were collected and documented. The plants were identified botanically, arranged alphabetically along with their family names, local names, method of application of their parts and medicinal importance.

Laves of Salvadora oleoides (Kharo Jal), Calotropis procera (Aak) and Withania somnifera (Asgandh) are used by local people for medicinal uses. These are found to be associated with 18, 17 and 19 fungal forms respectively; out of which only five fungal species Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium equiseri, Drechslera tetramer and Trichoderma viride are found with all three medicinal plants.

The Bankura, Purulia and Midnapore districts are mostly inhabited by the tribals. About 25 plant species are used by the tribals and locals as medicine for different ailments, such as habitual abortion, ashma, diabetes, migraine, dyspepsia, gout, dysentery, snake bite, filaria etc. Commercial pressure has reached these areas during the past decade and illegal export of valuable species is reported for the folk potentiality. Over 32 medicinal uses relating to 24 general among the native folk seem new. Hence, an attempt has been made to explore all these medicinal uses.

Medicinal plant species analysed with respect to total number of species in that family revealed that out of 87 families, 40 are high use families. These need further investigation into their species so as to screen them for their possible therapeutic value.

The state of Maharashtra in Western Ghats possesses one of the richest Pteridophytic floras of the country as far as the species diversity is concerned. This paper represents the occurrence of Leptochilus decurrens Bl. forma lanceolatus a new fern generic record in the Fern flora of Maharashtra from Chandoli National Park (Sangali District), India. Details are given of its nomenclature, description, distribution and ecological notes on species are presented in this paper

Mahabaleshwar region has a rich diversity of medicinal plants, as demonstrated in present survey with local persons, traditional healers as well as scientific verification through literature. The investigation includes 61 species from this region, belonging to 27 families which are used in the treatment of fever, skin diseases, digestive disorders, cardiovascular and respiratory complaints as well as in rheumatism and also as nervine tonic. These plants identified are potential source for new bioactive compounds of therapeutic value in Indian system of medicine.

The present paper mainly deals with the bio-diversity of Hailakandi District and its conservation. The paper also deals with the habitat and distribution of plants in different localities of the district. A large varieties of Pteridophytes and Angiosperms were collected from the natural habitat which exhibits various kinds of diversities. Out of the total 188 plants 43 species were Pteridophytes & 145 species were Angiosperms. The present survey work revealed that amongst the pteridophytes, dominant families are found to be Polypodiaceae and Pteridaceae.On the otherhand, among the Angiosperms, plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, Orchidaceae & Leguminosae (Fabaceae) were dominant in comparison to others. Since the habitat and the plant biodiversity of the area have been degraded in a big way, appropriate conservation measures have been discussed and recommended.

Diodia teres Walt., an annual herb native to tropical and subtropical America, is newly recorded from Kolli hills, Eastern ghats, Tamilnadu. It is characterized by the four to eight fimbriate stipules and four persistent sepals in the capsule. The morphological description and illustration of D. teres are provided in the present work.

The spice family Zingiberaceae comprised of 53 genera and over 1400 species is distributed throughout the world. The family is economically most important for spice, medicines, essential oil, dye, oleoresin and also few of them are used as vegetables as well as garden plants. Orissa records only 9 genera and 24 species wildly growing in different forest areas belonging to this family. Regional Research Laboratory has been trying to collect the germplasm of zingiberaceous plants and develop the agrotechnology of their large scale cultivation. This paper includes the enumeration of these species, their present status and distribution,vernacular name, uses, flowering as well as ecology.

Six species of plants have been recorded from Akola district, Vidarbh region of Maharashtra as a noteworthy record.

Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the trijunction hilly tract of Pali, Rajsamand and Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India. Extensive floristic survey was carried out during the year 2000–2011 to document flora of Kumbhalgarh WLS and 515 plant species belonging to 106 families have been recorded. The higher generic coefficient (68.15%) of flora of this sanctuary indicates that the sanctuary have more varied habitats and intergeneric and intrageneric competition in the floral component. All the species are enumerated in the present paper along with their botanical name, family and habit

A survey conducted to elucidate the different plant species (32 numbers) pertains to their insect repellent activities from the folklore and literature of Orissa state based on medicinal, ecological and tantric philosophy. The paper highlights on the use of root, stem bark, leaf, flower, raw juice, fumigant and contact keeping of plants/plant parts in various agricultural, medicinal, veterinary and household uses, as insect repellent species.

In the present communication three infrageneric taxa have been enumerated as new records for the State of Orissa.

Kambakam is a Village in Varadaiahpalem Mandal, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh State. Kambakam is located 3.736 km distance from its Mandal Main Town Varadaiahpalem. Kambakam is 99.28 km far from its District Main City Chittoor.Kambakam is located to the North of Sricity in the Chittoor district. Coming under the Buchinaidu kandriga & Varadai-ahpalem mandals the falls are located 80 km from Chennai and 35 km from Srikalahasti. The Kaambakam forest is also called as Sidduliah Kona. The relation to Lord Shiva ensures that the festival of Maha Shivaratri is a common time for people to visit. It consists of high degree of phyto diversity along with some highly valuable endemic and endangered species. The forest is deciduous type but mixed with some ever green elements. It is a source of non-wood forest products (NWFP) like fiber, fuel, wood, gum, resin, vegetable, dyes, oil, honey, medicinal plants, bamboo, etc

Sri Lankamalleswara Wild Life Sanctuary (also famous as Lankamala hills and forest) is situated in the Lankamalai hill ranges are about 30 kms from Kadapa. The Lankamalleswara wild life sanctuary is rich with rare and endangered medicinal plants. The most predominant medicinal plant species found in this region are Pterocarpus marsupium, Pterocarpus santalinus and Santalum album along with the several rare medicinal plants which are essentially required in preparing ayurveda, sidda and Unani medicine. The present study emphasizes the wealth of medicinal plants in Sri Lankamalleswara Wild Life Sanctuary of Y.S.R. District in A.P., India

The genus Monothecium is reported as an addition to the Flora of Eastern Ghats. A brief description, nomenclature, ecology and other relevant notes are provided for identification of the taxon in the field.

Ethnobotanical survey covering Kalimpong hill subdivision (altitude to 3660 m) in the eastern Himalayan region of India was carried out by the present author during 2004-2006, following standard methods. The herbarium specimens were identified at CAL. Twelve species of flowering plants, widely used in the folk-medicine of this region, are highlighted in this paper. They have a broad spectrum of medicinal uses. New or less known healing applications of these plants were recorded. Such plants are mostly utilized by the Bhutias, Lepchas and Nepalis, the major ethnic communities of Kalimpong hills, bonded together by Nepali language. For each species, family, local names, life-form, altitude range and distribution, flowering and fruiting months, detailed uses, threat status of IUCN and annotations etc are given. Owing to over-exploitation, a number of medicinal and/or economically lucrative species are already under different categories of threat. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, has almost disappeared from this area as a result of ruthless exploitation during last twenty years. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet ssp. indicum, a potent diuretic plant, is now ―extinct‖ in the wild in Kalimpong and adjoining Darjeeling hills, albeit it was abundant there about two decades ago. Several other medicinally important species heavily exploited in the past are: Aconitum bisma (Buch.-Ham.) Rap., Arisaema consanguinatum Schott, Hedychium spicatum Sm., Panax pseudoginseng Wall., Piper longum L., Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers etc and consequently they are now threatened. Biopiracy of such important medicinal plants often takes place from this region which must be strictly prohibited. In general, the underground plant parts e.g. root/stem tuber, rhizome, root etc have remarkably high medicinal value. Such plants of Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, Araceae, Araliaceae, Menispermaceae, Ranunculaceae and many other families provide the real medical support in everyday life in the mountainous remote villages where the qualified doctor to people ratio is 1:4892. Its fascinating to see that when the era of ―telemedicine‖ is coming up and probably arrived at the most modern doors, the people living in far-flung Himalayan villages are still healed at nature‘s own dispensary. The information given in this paper will be useful for backing conservation strategies, and facilitate better understanding of phytotherapy research.

A  list   of   17  species  in   11 genera   of  family  Scrophulariaceae   from  Kashmir Himalaya   (including   Kashmir   and   Ladakh)   has   been   consolidated   for   their  • medicinal  values  after  critical  study  of  their  use  by  the  local  people  and  after scrutiny  of  the  relevant   literature.

The study has been carried out in different pockets of Madurai District, Tamil Nadu inhabited by the valaiyans. Nineteen plant species belonging to 13 families used by them to treat various ailments like diabetes, rheumatism, leucorrhoea, lumbago etc, have been enumerated as per botanical names along with family name, local (Valaiyan) name, parts of the plant used, method of administration, dosage etc.

Miscellaneous  uses of twenty two plants from villages as well as tribal areas of Nashik District of Maharashtra have been reported in this paper.

The present communication deals with the medicinal plants of seven sericultural gardens of Dehra Dun district of Uttarakhand. In all 75 medicinal plants are enumerated along with their family, brief description and medicinal uses.

                               The present study was designed to investigate the anti-oxidant activity of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds containing substituted nitro-phenols bearing phthalyl substituted benzimidazoles. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, PMR spectral data and elemental analysis. Purity of the compounds was tested by running TLC. Anti-oxidant activity of methanolic solution of synthesized compounds at different concentration was determined by Reducing power assay and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity.

This paper records fifty nine species belonging to forty two genera of family Asteraceae, collected from Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary. A comparison with an earlier published works revealed that twenty one species were not recorded previously from the study area and seven species recorded earlier could not be collected during present study. Among the species recorded, Eupatorium adenophorum and Parthenium hysterophorus are known invasives, while further studies are needed to determine the invasive potential of Enydra fluctuans and Soliva anthemifolia.

A survey of medicinal plants prescribed by the local medicine men and traditional healers in Porbandar districts of Gujarat leads to interesting therapeutic applications of 31 plant species belonging to 27 families for migraine. The preparation of ethnomedicinal recipes, mode of administration and uses of plant parts are gives. These taxa appear to be promising from view point of drug evaluation.

This paper deals with angiospermic taxa of Bijnor belonging to the family Asteraceae. A total of 59 species belonging to 45 genera are reported.

Flora is one of the important biological, ecological, sociological and edaphic factors of an area. It is essential for sustaining all animal life of an area and also for maintaining heritable environment for that life. Adequate knowledge of flora is necessary for planning sustainable development of that area. The present study focuses on flora of Udayagiri forests located in the northern side of Nellore district

The genus Barleria is represented by 26 species in India; while Khanna et al. reported 9 species (excluding Barleria acanthoides) of it from Madhya Pradesh. Barleria acanthoides has been reported from Gujarat, Haryana, Maharshtra, Panjab & Rajisthan states of India. The present communication facilitates to include Madhya Pradesh also in the list.

Hydnocarpus pentandrus (Buch.-Ham) Oken is reported as an addition to the flora of Eastern Ghats. It is presented here with detailed nomenclature, description, ecology, uses and notes on its conservation.

Twentyfour plant species with less known medicinal or medico-religious uses ractised by the tribals of Phulbani district, Orissa are reported alongwith local names and mode of administration.

During the course of study of Flora of Kashmir valley, a total number of 124 families of seed plants of Kashmir have been recorded. A bracketed key to their identification has been prepared with a view to facilitate the students in their identification. The key is essentially based on easily seen characters and every attempt has been made to make it workable in the field as well as in laboratory. As far as possible multiple characters have been used in the leads to make the key work in vegetative, flowering and fruiting states of our plants. In regard to botanical nomenclature the international botanical nomenclature (1987) has been followed

The paper provides an account of 166 species under 136 genera and 67 families of medicinal angiosperms of Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh. Local names,flowering & fruiting periods, localities of occurrence and medicinal uses are given.

The paper provides information regarding 37 medicinal plants used in 52 traditional treatment for different ailments by the urban population of Gangtok,Sikkim. The mode of preparation of medicines which are not available in previous literature, doses for the treatment of the diseases, vernacular names of the medicinal plants and distribution etc. are also given in the paper.

Plant extracts have been used since time immemorial to protect human life from several diseases as well as improve his health and life-style. With the advent of latest technology several compounds known as antioxidants have been characterized from plants which play a protective role against diseases. In recent years, there is a tremendous interest in the possible role of nutrition in prevention of disease. In this context, antioxidants especially derived from Indian medicinal plants and herbal drugs derived from them, require special attention. In biological systems oxygen gives rise to a large number of free radicals and other reactive species collectively known as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioxidant can combat the deleterious effect of ROS by forming a strong defense system and prevent several diseases caused by free radicals.. Certain chemicals which were thought to be useless for the human body, for instance terpenoids, flavonoids are now valuable to human diet as they possess antioxidant properties. This article is aimed at projecting the importance of medicinal plant molecules used as antioxidants and their role in the prevention of different disorders on human health.

The paper deals with 11 taxa of Smilax L. and one species of Heterosmilax Kunth (Smilacaceae) from Assam. Smilax lanceifolia,S. aspericaulis, S. ocreata and S. zeylanica constitute additions to the flora of Assam. A key to the species, detailed description,illustrations, and ethnobotanical notes are provided for the species enumerated.

Eurya ceylanica Wight (Theaceae) is a new distributional record for India.

In the present work, 73 rare and endangered plant taxa of Gujarat are enumerated. These plants possess medicinal value. During the last several years, some plant species have become rare and endangered in Gujarat due to overexploitation and destructive development made by human beings.

Assam is indicated as store house of medicinal and aromatic plants from time immemorial. It is estimated that more than 3500 species of plants have medicinal properties to cure and prevent different diseases. Assam has a strong heritage of traditional system of medicine, which has been providing health care to both rural and urban population. Today in the rural and ramote areas, the most of the people providing treatment using medicine preparated from plants available in their locality also. Due to over exploitation and human pressure some of these valuable plant species are leading to extinct from our store house. It requires proper identification, plantation and conservation of such plants. An exploration work was done on floristic diversity of North Guwahati hill range and its adjoining areas during1998 to 2004. It is located on the north bank of the river Brahmaputra (Kamrup and Darrang districts) in central Assam. The work resulted in 736 species of angiosperms belonging to 363 genera under 127 families. Out of these species, there are about 211 species which are used by local inhabitants for medicinal purposes, and among them 25 plant species under 21 families have been enumerated for the treatment of piles. Their updated scientific name, local names, family and dose regimes are also provided.

Bergia aestivosa Wight & Arn. (Elatinaceae) collected from villages Sarwania and Bambori, for the first time from the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh state. The morphological features, up to date nomenclature, time of flowering - fruiting, ecological notes and photographs of this species have been presented in this paper

The prestine mangrove resources of Orissa were remarkable. However, paradoxically due to lack of knowledge regarding their judicious exploitation and high socio-economic value, the mangrove biota were neglected and were ruthlessly devastated, in order to meet the various requirements of the nearby inhabitants.Reclamation of mangrove forest land for the settlement of immigrants, paddy cultivation and prawn culture have accelerated the depletion of mangrove biota. In recent time, mangrove conservation vis-a-vis prawn culture has become a debatable issue in Orissa.

As per an estimate provided by satellite data (LANDSATTMF) the total mangrove spread in Devi-Mahanadi Brahmani Baitarani - Subarnarekha deltaic complex sustained 217.93 Sq. Kms of mangrove in 1985 which has degraded to 199.19 sq.Kms in 1993 as per a report by (IRSLISSIIFCC) organisation. Hence, there is a significant depletion of 17.93 Sq. Kms of mangrove coverage during a period of eight years. And it is further degraded to 195 Sq. Kms in 1995 (Misra, 1999). Notwithstanding the variability in respect of the mangrove coverage in Orissa given by various agencies or research institutes it is evident that this plant community is degrading at an alarming rate (Map No. 1).

Yet, it is high time to develop appropriate strategies for sustainable exploitation of the mangrove biota which has got a significant bearing on the socio-economic development of the Orissa state. Concurrently, effective steps should be adopted for the natural regeneration of the mangrove taxa in the denuded area simply by giving protection. This should be supplemented with rehabilitation of the mangrove species basing on multidisciplinary scientific research data. In otherb words, conservation and judicious utilisation of the mangrove resources should proceed in a harmonious manner.

The present paper provides an account of the medicinal plants wealth of North Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The study has revealed the occurrence of 509 species of medicinal plants belonging to 369 genera and 114 families. Botanical names, common / vernacular names, family, flowering & fruiting period, habit and medicinal uses are provided. Such an study will not only be useful in sustainable utilization of resources, but also in taxonomic enumeration of flora of Uttar Pradesh, which is yet to be published.

The present paper deals with the 96 plant taxa, reported additions to the flora of Anantapur district after Pullaiah and Yesoda (1989). A brief description to individual taxa is provided.

Lalitpur is one of the medicinal plant rich districts of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. The results of medico-botanical surveys conducted in the district during 2007-2008 are presented. A total of 100 species of medicinal plants of commercial value found wild in the region are listed in tabular form. Information about the Sanskrit name of the plants, their life form, parts used, availability and distribution in the region are also provided.

Thunbergia coccinea is reported as an addition to the flora of South India. Detailed description, nomenclature, phenology and other relevant details are provided for easy identification and better understanding of the taxa.

Two hundred and twelve wetland species under 149 genera and 56 families have been recorded from Bakhira Birds Sanctuary, which is the first floristic record from this Sanctuary situated in Sant Kabir Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh. Out of 212 species, 35 species are purely aquatic, 29 are semi-aquatic and remaining are terrestrial but grow in marshy conditions in various parts of the Sanctuary. 92 species are found to be used medicinally by local people. 90 species are also used for many other purposes like food, fodder and various commercial uses. The correct scien-tific names, local names, ecological notes, uses and medicinal importance have been provided in present communication.

The present communication deals with the observation on medicinal plants of Chandrapur area of Kamrup district of Assam. In this preliminary survey altogether 74 species of 67 genera from 42 families are recorded medicinal. The medicinal importance of the plants with their part used are enumerated in this paper.

In the present work 41 plant taxa were observed for practical work on joint disorders, i.e. rheumatism, sciatica, lumbago, gout, arthritis and backache. It is observed that the plants used as direct to the human bodies and get complete relief in pain, means the herbal treatment carried out by the rural and tribal people are cheap and elixir.

The present paper reports some plants used by the tribals of Mahadeo hills against various inflammatory responses like rheumatism, arthritis, joint pains, hydrocoel, piles, conjunctivitis and fever.

The forest areas are endowed with plants having useful medicinal properties very well recognized by village and tribal people. Generally the village folk even now cure their ailments by treatments from such plants having medicinal value. This paper highlights some medicinal plants being exploited by the people of the area and by traditional healers in the Bilaspur & Mandi districts of H.P. For each plant its botanical name, local name, English name and part used are described. Data are based on personal survey, observation and discussion with villagers.