Editor-in-Chief : D. Kumar
Ritu Mawara, Manish Mathura & Ladhu Ramb and Tanu Mathur
The present study was conducted for assessment
of the phenotypic trait plasticity, interrelationships among
host-pathogen traits as well as their spatial magnitudes at
Indian hot arid regions (n =14) pertains to Ganoderma
lucidum (soil borne pathogenic fungi and Prosopis cineraria
(multipurpose agroforestry tree). In this study, various traits
of P. cineraria (canopy cover, Diameter at Breast Height i.e.
DBH and light interception under canopy and traits of G.
lucidum fruiting body i.e. Pileus width, cover and stipe
length were measured. Predictor (host traits) and response
(pathogen traits) relationships were assessed through Partial
Least Square (PLS) regression. Spatial pattern analysis of
the studied traits belong to host and Ganoderma fruiting
body were analyzed through using density based indices i.e.
Index of dispersal, Lloyd’s mean crowding, Morisita’ index
of dispersion and by using spatial autocorrelation technique
(Moran’s I index). For host, the maximum and minimum
trait plasticity was recorded for light intensity and canopy
cover, respectively. While for G. lucidum, maximum was
recorded for stipe length and pileus cover. Through PLS, we
established the regression equations for pileus cover and
width of pileus. Distance based spatial pattern analysis
revealed the clumped pattern for pileus cover, stipe length
and host cover, while uniform pattern was recorded for
width of pileus and host DBH. Contrary to these, spatial
autocorrelation (Morain’s I variograms) suggested the
random nature of all the parameters. From disease
management point of view, such results suggested that for
specific diseased area, a general management prac-tice or
recommendation can be formulated, but such practice cannot
be promulgated for large geographical areas as the hostpathogen parameters complex showed randomness
In the C. Personata groundnut A. hypogaea
(susceptible cv. GG-11) interaction, NADPH oxidase
enzyme activity was induced 24 hours after the inoculation
which increased cons-tantly. On TLC profiling, one unique
band was only found in disease state of groundnut having λ
max at 305nmt in UV spectral scanning. GC–MS study
showed to be a Hexade-canoic acid methyl ester with molecular formula C18H36O2. The IR spectrum (KBr, ν, cm-1):
2852-2926 (aliphatic-C-H str.), 1603 (-C=O str.), 1120 (C-O
ester str.) showed absorptions at 1603 and 1120 cm-1
indicating the presence of carbonyl and ester functional
group respectively. The 1H NMR and The 13C NMR spectrum obtained were in agreement with present compound was
Hexa decanoic acid methyl ester also called palmitic acid
having molecular formula C18H36O2. Palmitic acid resulted
in increased production of the NADPH oxidase and
subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Simultaneous presence of palmitic acid in disease state and
induced activity of NADPH oxidase activity with enhanced
disease incidence in groundnut shows relationship between
palmitic acid and NADPH oxidase during pathogenecity.
Thus, palmitic acid mediated induction of NADPH oxidase
in groundnut might be the factor to focus to combat
pathogenesis of C. personata.
In the present study, induction of physical and
chemical mutagens was used to hand pick morpho-logical
mutants in M2 and M3 generations. Not much evidence is
accessible on the nutrient and biochemical composition of
Phaseolus lunatus L. Hence in the current investigation, an
attempt has been made to comprehend the nutritional and
biochemical valuation of Phaseolus lunatus L. (lima bean)
which is consumed by tribals. The biochemical analysis of
leaf, seed and immature pod content of lima bean were used
to estimate chlorophyll (a, b) and protein content. Maximum
chlorophyll content was observed in dark green leaf mutant
and minimum was documented in robust mutant. Total
volume of chlorophyll in lima bean was highly significant
and had positive correlation with Chl a and Chl b at 1%
significance level.
In current estimation of proteins, the pods, dry seeds and
leaves displayed increase in total protein in many viable
mutants of lima bean. As related to control protein in seeds
increased as the dose/concentration of gamma rays, ethyl
methanesulphonate (EMS) and combination of both
mutagens increased. Leaf protein content in M3 generation
mutants showed 4 to 6%. Highest total protein was seen in
dark green leaf and lowermost was in robust mutant.
Compared to control there was positive shift in mean value
of the total leaf protein. Total protein content for immature
pods raised to 3.9 to 5.9%. Early flowering mutants had
maximum and tall mutants had minimum protein value.
Dark green leaf mutant (27.8) had maximum and late
flowering mutant (30.0%) had minimum total protein
content in them.
Pooja Patela , Ami Naika , Prittesh Patela & Krunal Modib
Krunal Modi and Sanjay Jha
Tribal region of southern Rajasthan remained
agriculturally backward and its people poor even from
colonial and feudal period. Instead of developing agriculture
and allied sector, its forest, minerals and human resources
are arbitrarily exploited. Dungarpur is one of such a district
which has 70.82% of its total population tribal and comes
under 100 backward districts of India. Analysing and using
long term data and related reports, the agricultural situation
and peasant’s condition of this district are assessed. The
present status of natural and human resources has been
depicted and their problems and potentials are worked out.
Arable lands in the district are just 45.12% and that of net
sown area 34.84%. Forest though constitute 16.72% but
88.5% of them are degraded/ underutilized. Gross irrigated
area is 12.91% and irrigation intensity 102%. Surprisingly,
46% irrigation wells are lying dry. Crude maize-wheat
cropping system does not support livelihood.
Tanks/reservoirs too are in deteriorated condition.
Predominant marginal & eroded rainfed lands; meagre
livelihood assets; chronic poverty, misery and deprivation;
and weak health and education system are major factors for
backwardness of this tribal dominated district. The district
falls in bottom lines in composite index for agriculture and
livestock sector and human development index in the State.
However potentials and avenues are still there to overcome
the above challenges to a great extent.
Due to intensive cultivation and use of poor
quality ground water, the soils are rapidly becoming
deficient in Iron. To investigate its impact on our food, a
research project was framed. The four most commonly
consumed green leafy vegetables i.e. Mustard, Fenugreek,
Spinach and Amaranth were grown in both “iron deficient”
and “ iron sufficient” conditions at five different locations.
Iron contents in produced vegetable leaves were found many
times higher when grown in “Iron sufficient soil conditions”
in comparison of “Iron deficient soil conditions”. In
Amaranth that was 182.78 ppm against 27.52 ppm. In
Spinach 174.09 ppm against 39.42 ppm. In Fenugreek
169.81 ppm against 45.18 ppm. In Spinach 185.18 ppm
against 48.19 ppm. The research indicates serious
disturbances in food chain due to Iron deficiencies in Soils.
Rangelands are major source of fodder for grazing/
browsing livestock in arid region of Rajasthan. Productivity
of these lands is low and vegetation is also in degraded state.
Increasing livestock population, decrease in area available
for grazing; shrinking village pastureland, and lack of proper
grazing schedule and management have resulted in
degradation of palatable vegetation and soil resource in
grazing land. Silvi-pasture approach for restoration of
grazing land, based on field experience has been discussed.
Silvi-pasture for rejuvenation of grazing land increases
production of vegetative cover, conservation of soil
resources, efficient utilization of rainfall, increase stored soil
moisture and recycling of nutrients. The enhance carbon
sequestration in form of above ground biomass and below
ground biomass improves environment. Appropriate silvipasture practices need to be adopted in light of changing
socio-techno-economy complex, to sustain rangeland
productivity for better quality life of majority of poor
residents.
Kirtika Kumari & Neelanjana Choudhury and Munish Govind
A large number of genetically modified (GM)
crops, including both food and non-food crops carrying
novel traits have been developed and released for
commercial agriculture production. Soybean, maize, canola
and cotton for the traits insect resistance and herbicide
tolerance are the most crops under commercial cultivation
worldwide. In addition, many other GM crops are under
development and not yet released commercially. Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) in its report, the State of
Food Security and Nutrition within the World 2017,
highlights the severity of food security and malnourishment
problem in most of the Asian and developing countries. GM
crops could be an option for nutrients. The increasing
cultivation of genetically modified crops has raised a wide
range of concerns with respect to food safety, environmental
effects and socio-economic issues. Here, we discussed the
present status of GM crops research, regulatory framework,
and challenges involved transgenic plants acceptance in
India.
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