An up to date account of the ethnobotany in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India is presented based on the authors' personal experiences with the aboriginal tribal populations of the islands and review of literature.

The present paper communicates information on 83 ethno-medicinally important plant species belonging to 77 genera and 41 families and being utilised for 57 common diseases by the tribal people of Ranchi district in Jharkhand. These plants have been arranged alphabetically with their family, vernacular name, plant habit, flowering and fruiting period, plant part used and specific uses.Several of the plant species are likely to go under the category of threatened plant species due to over exploitation and habitat destruction if appropriate scientific conservation measures are not adopted immediately.

The paper represents folk-medico-botanical prescriptions of 53 plants species, out of which 51 species of Angiosperms and 2 species of Ferns. All these plants are used to the traditional herbal medicinal practices among the different communities of Barak Valley (Southern Assam). Altogether 66 prescriptions are described here along with, 17 new processes of utilization. Different diseases covered in this paper include both human and veterinary viz. Dysentery, Gastric troubles, Gynaecological problems, Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS), Respiratory diseases,  Sexual disorders, Skin diseases, Taeniasis etc.

During the course of present study , since last one and half decade, various parts of Barda Hills of Saurashtra region were visited and 73 plant taxa were noted for ethnobotanical uses. The information regarding plants and their uses were collected from different types of villagers and tribal people who are staying in Nesses specially the Maldharies.

This paper deals with 16 species of plants belonging to 16 genera and 7 families used by the tribals of Purulia district of West Bengal for thatching purpose. The information given in this paper has been collected by personal contact with the tribals. The plants are arranged alphabetically under botanical name followed by name of the family, local name, parts used and mode of use.

The species Rubus ellipticus Smith is one of the common species of the family Rosaceae. This species has been used by the villagers for medicine, edible and other purposes. It has considerable ethnobotanical significance among the rural communities. This paper represents the folk-lore records of this species in the context of Nepal.

During the course of present investigation, an extensive survey of 27 remote places scattered over 9 development blocks of Rewa district were conducted to enumerate the ethnobotanical importance of wild and natural plant resources.The study has revealed that the plant resources of this region are extremely rich and inhabitants solely depend on plants for their basic requirements since birth to death. Ethnobotanical survey and field work in the study areas throw light on their ethnic culture and tradition. The wild and natural plants are utilized as food, fodder, medicines and cultural, social and religious ceremonies.Due to destruction of habitat, biotic interference and indiscriminate exploitation of natural plants, many valuable species of this area are fast disappearing. Aboriginals conserve these species by faith, myth, taboos and religious aspects.The present work has direct impact on many basic problems of tribals and rural peoples. The economic condition of these peoples would be upgraded by setting up a rural infrastructure of employment through cottage industries.

The present paper deals with the study of ethno-botanical importance of 116 plants species fewer than 97 genera belonging to 52 families of district, Odisha, India. Different plants available in the locality used by the tribes like Barhia (Binjal), Sabar, Kond, Gond, Munda,Mirdha, Harijan, Shet,Barik, Majhi, Nayak, Oran andPandeyare summarized. Out of 13 tribes Barhia, Sabar, Kond, Gond tribes are predominated in this district. The valid scientific names, vernacular names, habits, localities, plant parts used and their ethnobotanical uses are given

Regular field surveys were undertaken during 2007-08 to the forest patches and villages of Malkangiri which are populated by Gadabas. By interacting with them a number of ethno-medicinally significant plant species and their uses were recorded. Out of those, 35 plant species of immense importance are enumerated with their uses in this communication.

From the dawn of history hydrophyte have been cultivated for an astonishing diversity, nutritional and ornamental purposes and for many other things. In Kashmir these are mainly used as fodder and form an important element in fishing and in the wild life conservation. The food value of this group of the plants is wrongly discarded by the locals yet many of these are consumed in one or other form. Aquatic flora of this area in general has been totally ignored and no satisfactory work has been done. Now efforts are made to survey all the high and low altitudinal lakes and water bodies of this area and to have a detailed account of this interesting group of plants. In the present attempt thorough investigation has been undertaken and information collected from the locals, living adjacent to the lake shores and people dealing with the lake products. This information is valuable and first of its kind and may prove profitable to the common man.

Ethnobotanical information on 35 species of wild edible plants sold in the daily markets of Arunachal Pradesh has been reported in this paper.

This paper embodies folk-lores regarding the indigenous knowledge of floristic classification and a note on medicinal uses of plants by Raji Tribe of Pithoragarh and Champawat district of Uttaranchal State of India. The Raji Tribe is most socially and economically underdeveloped community of Central Himalayan region  of Uttaranchal  State

Frequent ethnomedicinal surveys were conducted between August 2004 and March 2008 in different tribal inhabited villages of Ratlam district (M. P.). An effort has been made to explore some ethnomedicinal uses of gums obtained from 9 Angiosperm plant species used by the tribal community. For each species the information relating to the botanical names followed by local names, methods of administration and prescribed dose has also been given

The study records the folk-lore of 130 species of Nepalese legumes. Of them, 41 species of wild legumes are used for food and 14 species for fodder. Likewise, 118 species are valued in local therapy to treat 52 types of disease. These total legumes include 10 cultivated species which have ethnobotanical uses. However,other useful notes on fish-poison, snake-bite, scorpion-sting and washing body and clothes are also mentioned.

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. is a small tree with typical crooked trunk Distributed all over the India, it is reported for multipurpose utilisation from every corner of the country. It has been mentioned frequently in the Vedas. Many mythological stories are attached with this species. Today also the species is valued for its food, fodder, fiber, medicinal and ornamental utilisations.  In western Maharashtra, the tree occurs abundantly near forest boundaries of moist and dry deciduous forests. The tribals inhabiting the western Maharashtra, viz. Mahadeokoli, Thakar and Katkari use all parts of this plant in one way or other. In the tribal culture also the tree has enormous value. This communication presents ethnobotanical observations on Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub..

This paper describes the plant and plant parts used by the Poliyars, one of. the oldest tribal communities of Anaimalai Hills, for the treatment of various ailments food cultural traditional and religious ceremonies. Further, the habitat of the plnts ad the ocupational aspects of the tribes are also discussed .

This study has been undertaken to explore the traditional knowledge on the wide spectrum applications of Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Corr., which belongs to the family Rutaceae. This plant has a prominent place in Ayurveda, where it belongs to the medicinal groups like Ashtapathra, Brahatpanchamoola, Dasamoola and Panchapallava. The medicinal virtues of this plant find mention in ancient Sanskrit literatures viz., Bhava prakasa, Nighantu-ratnakara, Saligramanighantu. To document the different ethnobotanical uses of Aegle marmelos, a survey was conducted among seventy traditional Ayurvedic practitioners (vaidians) selected at random from three districts of Kerala. The study has brought to light the indigenous medicinal uses of roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and wood. The roots have wider applications in the treatment of gastric disorders, rheumatism, diabetics and snakebite. The leaves are used to cure diarrhoea, skin diseases, nervous disorders and also to prevent premature greying and falling of hair. It is also believed that the leaves have the property to eliminate the ill effects of poisonous substances. The flowers and fruits are used in the treatment of epilepsy, eye diseases, chronic diarrhoea and certain mental disorders. The young fruit is astringent, sour, demulcent, quick acting, promotes digestion, useful in kapha and vata and pleasant or agreeable for the heart. The seed oil is used as excellent laxative. The wood is used to make special couches for the rheumatic patients. Certain non-medicinal uses and magico-religious beliefs were also explored in the present investigation. Considering the immense indigenous medicinal potential, the present study highlights the importance of conservation, cultivation and also identification of elite varieties of Aegle  marmelos grown in the agro-climatic conditions of Kerala.

The present paper deals with 43 species of plants covering 41 genera and 33 families used by the tribals of Visakhapatnam district for curing body pains, general weakness and body swellings. Shrubs are dominant followed by trees, herbs and a climber. Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae are the dominant families

This article delineates the role of plant-based traditional medicines and their applications of indigenous beliefs, knowledge, . skills, customs and practices concerned in Primary Health Care among Nilgiri Irulas. In analyzing the ethno­ medical information, we present here data on 15 plant species belonging to 15 genera in 14 families detailed herein

An ethnobotanical survey has been carried out in different areas of Changthang valley. The present paper deals with 25 plant species of various uses alongwith botanical name, local name, family, locality & altitudes, brief notes and their respective uses. The ethnobotanical knowledge is limited to far-flung areas and passed from generation to generation. Therefore, the ethnobotanical wealth of the valley needs a proper plan for its scientific exploitation, mass propagation & cultivation and in-situ & ex-situ conservation.

The present investigation revealed the use of 59 plant species belonging to 56 genera as wild food by the tribals of Attapadi Hills in Western Ghats of Palghat district in Kerala. The rhizomes, tubers, fruits, seeds, grains, leaves and young shoots of these plants are used for this purpose. The use of fruits of Baccaurea courtalensis (Onapazham) and the seeds of Cycas circinalis (Eendhu) is specific to this region. Dioscorea bulbifera (Perukku), D.pentaphylla var. pentaphylla (Noorakizhanghu) and D. oppositifolia (Kavalakizhanghu) are also used as famine food.

In Maharashtra there are 20 major tribal communities. Though quite a good number of research publications have appeared on tribals of Maharashtra, some tribes like `Thakar' and `Kokna' need detailed ethnobotanical studies. Ethnobotanical studies on `Thakar' tribe inhabited in Pune, Thane, Raigad, Ahmednagar and Nasik districts have been carried out. A total number of 140 plant species belonging to 128 genera and 61 families of flowering plants and ferns used by `Thakar' for medicinal and other purposes have been reported and described. The number of plant species (in parenthesis) used by them for curing some important and common diseases/ ailments or for other purposes are : Abdominal pain (10), Cough, Cold and Fever (5), Jaundice (3), Diabetes (4), Piles (6), Rheumatism (6), Snake bite (4), Scorpion bite (3), Dog bite (2), Wounds/Injuries (5), Migraine/Fits (6), Leucorrhoea / Menstrual complaint (7), Contraceptive (8), Abortificient (3), Acidity/Ulcer (5), Conjunctivities/ Eye problem (3), General/Sexual weakness (9), Dysentery/Diarrhoea (4), Food/ Vegetable (12), Cordage/Fiber (7), Magico-religious beliefs (4) etc. Of the total 140 species, 28 plant species, which have ethnobotanical potential, have been recorded for the first time from Maharashtra.

During the course of ethnobotanical studies, the author came across 32 wetland grasses which have influenced the culture of ethnic communities and have played an important roles in soil binding, supply of fodder and food during scarcity and wild genetic resources for cultivated grain crops. These taxa are enumerated in this paper alpha-betically along with local name, flowering and fruiting period, conservation status in the area and uses.

The present communication deals with 56 species of plants covering 53 genera and 32 families used for curing animal, centipede, dog, honey bee, insect, mosquito, scorpion and snake bites by the tribals of Visakhapatnam district. Twenty six species are exclusively used for snake bite, 7 for scorpion sting and the others for two or more bites. Cucurbitaceae is the dominant family with 5 species followed by Malvaceae etc. Herbs are dominant followed by shrubs, trees, climbers. Leaf is the mostly used part followed by root, stem bark, stem.

The present study highlights the medicinal plants used for treating gynaecological disorders by the tribal communities in Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. This paper enumerates the traditional uses of 38 plant species belonging to 37 genera under 29 families used to cure women problems. Three new plants and 23 new practices were also reported.

    The paper reports 102 plants medicinally used traditionally by the tribals of Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary in Palakkad district of Kerala State. The study was conducted during the period 2003 to 2006. The Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is the home of four tribal commu-nities, viz. Kadars, Malasars, Malamalasars and Muduvans. Data were collected by Participatory Rural Appraisal, questionnaire survey and interview with elder people. During the study, data on 102 plants used to cure common ailments were collected. Among them, 10 species are used for cuts and wound healing, 13 species for cough and cold, 4 species for treating snake-bites, 4 species for head-ache, 7 species used to control dysentery, 3 species for jaundice etc. Besides botanical identity of the plants, local names, application and administration of medicines are communicated in this paper.

The present paper reveals the valuable information on some ethno-veterinary plants, commonly used for treatment of diseases of domestic animals by the tribal people of Birbhum district, West Bengal. Altogether 25 plants were recorded which are used by the tribals in formulation of 17 different ethno-medicinal preparations for curing 14 different types of diseases. Many of these ethnoveterinary medicinal preparations are new, as they have not been recorded earlier in the standard literatures. Among the 17 ethno-medicinal uses, 11 are administered in the form of single drug curing indigestion, reduced lactation, colic pain, cold, fever, mouth disease, ear sore, eye problems etc. In 6 cases compound drug preparations are used in urinary troubles, diarrhoea, boils in nose etc. Lastly, the investigated taxa have been enumerated alphabetically with their botanical names and families, followed by tribal and local names, parts used, diseases and mode of administration.

Biligirirangana Hill Forest range is a part of Eastern Ghats, situated in Mysore District of Karnataka State. Though earlier studies on the flora and vegetation of this area have been made (Razi, 1946; 1950; 1955; Rao, 1977, Razi and Subramanyam, 1978), ethnobotanical aspects were almost neglected. The present study was undertaken to fill this gap and to depict the little known native uses of 39 plant species belonging to 27 families of flowering plants.

Ethnobotanical studies were conducted in Melpattu Reserve Forest, Javvadhu hills of Eastern Ghats, Tiruvannamalai district during 1995-97 and recorded the information from the resourceful healers of the tribal community. The present study enumerates ethno-medicinal uses of 63 species.

The paper provides information on the use of plant crude drugs for the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery by tribal and rural people of East Godavari district . It deals with 51 plant species under 48 genera belonging to 29 families for the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. The tribes of this area totally depend on the herbal drugs for their primary health care, which is attributed partly to their socio-economic and cultural conditions.

A brief study on the occurrence of certain Asteraceous plants, utilised in different aspects by the inhabitants both tribals and non-tribals of Assam and its neighbouring areas has been made. 43 species included in 40 genera belong to the family Asteraceae have been recorded in the present work. Most of the plants enumerated here are medicinally useful besides the food, fodder, insecticidal,ornamental and other purposes.

Ethnobotanical field survey was conducted in the tribal pockets of Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh. During the survey, first hand information on ethnomedicinal plants was collected from the tribal informants comprising Bhopas and Medicinemen. In this paper, medicinal uses of 14 taxa of Fabaceae are reported along with their formulations for the treatment of various human ailments.

The present paper reports some plants used by the tribals of Mahadeo hills against various inflammatory responses like rheumatism, arthritis, joint pains, hydrocoel, piles, conjunctivitis and fever.